{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T20:42:06Z","timestamp":1786221726986,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009026","name":"Smith and Nephew","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008894","name":"Stryker","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008894","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jshoulderelbow.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T17:09:22Z","timestamp":1775754562000},"page":"2128-2138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three-dimensional characterization of glenoid defects in failed shoulder arthroplasties"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5288-5907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle B.","family":"Christy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6134-6473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared L.","family":"Zitnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5014-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8313-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitchell S.","family":"Kirkham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2664-7744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peyton L.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3583-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Breydon J.","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela P.","family":"Presson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2329-5334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter N.","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3635-1289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heath B.","family":"Henninger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4112-0423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert Z.","family":"Tashjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.21037\/aoj-23-24","article-title":"Glenoid bone loss in shoulder arthroplasty: a narrative review","volume":"9","author":"Al-Omairi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Jt"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2001.113961","article-title":"Glenoid revision surgery after total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"10","author":"Antuna","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.08.010","article-title":"Increasing incidence of primary reverse and anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in the United States","volume":"30","author":"Best","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sart.2022.07.020","article-title":"Epidemiology of revision shoulder arthroplasty in the United States: incidence, demographics, and projected volume from 2018 to 2030","volume":"33","author":"Best","year":"2023","journal-title":"Semin Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2558","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1775-4","article-title":"Bony increased-offset reversed shoulder arthroplasty: minimizing scapular impingement while maximizing glenoid fixation","volume":"469","author":"Boileau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-17-00535","article-title":"Revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"27","author":"Chalmers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2471549218824986","article-title":"Influence of radiographic viewing perspective on glenoid inclination measurement","volume":"3","author":"Chalmers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Arthroplasty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib8","first-page":"127","article-title":"Developing criteria for establishing interrater reliability of specific items: applications to assessment of adaptive behavior","volume":"86","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Ment Deficiency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.24.01052","article-title":"Functional and radiographic outcomes of bone grafting for severe glenoid defects in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a minimum 5-Year Follow-up","volume":"107","author":"Da Silva","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.10.005","article-title":"Reliability of the glenoid plane","volume":"19","author":"De Wilde","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.05.045","article-title":"The effect of glenoid bone loss on reverse shoulder arthroplasty baseplate fixation","volume":"24","author":"Formaini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.02.013","article-title":"Glenoid morphology in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: classification and surgical implications","volume":"18","author":"Frankle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e846","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-20-00964","article-title":"Management of humeral and glenoid bone defects in reverse shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"29","author":"Friedman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.07.034","article-title":"Revision of failed shoulder arthroplasty: epidemiology, etiology, and surgical options","volume":"29","author":"Gauci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib15","author":"Henninger","year":"2025","journal-title":"3D models of the human scapula and humerus with defined anatomic landmarks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.01.009","article-title":"Coracoacromial morphology: a contributor to recurrent traumatic anterior glenohumeral instability?","volume":"28","author":"Jacxsens","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-011-0796-8","article-title":"The case for the metal-backed glenoid design in total anatomical shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"22","author":"Katz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B3.36664","article-title":"A new classification of glenoid bone loss to help plan the implantation of a glenoid component before revision arthroplasty of the shoulder","volume":"98-B","author":"Kocsis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2020.07.020","article-title":"Reliable interpretation of scapular kinematics depends on coordinate system definition","volume":"81","author":"Kolz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2022.11.017","article-title":"Comparison of glenoid bone grafting vs. augmented glenoid baseplates in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Lanham","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib21","article-title":"Accuracy of digital model generated from CT data with metal artifact reduction algorithm","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib22","article-title":"Structural auto- and allograft glenoid bone grafting in reverse shoulder arthroplasty - retrospective radiological analysis of 38 cases","volume":"4","author":"Lehtim\u00e4ki","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.05.021","article-title":"Glenoid loosening and failure in anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty: is revision with a reverse shoulder arthroplasty a reliable option?","volume":"21","author":"Melis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-020-03528-3","article-title":"Benefits of iterative metal artifact reduction and dual-energy CT towards mitigating artifact in the setting of total shoulder prostheses","volume":"50","author":"Mohammadinejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"6, Supplement","key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2012.06.007","article-title":"Three-dimensional measurement method of arthritic glenoid cavity morphology: feasibility and reproducibility","volume":"98","author":"Moineau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.510.BJO-2024-0097.R1","article-title":"Optimizing range of motion in reverse shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"5","author":"Mouchantaf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Joint Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-020-09677-1","article-title":"Baseplate options for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"13","author":"Mourad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-5740.2009.00017.x","article-title":"Impaction bone grafting of the glenoid in revision shoulder arthroplasty: classification, technical description and early results","volume":"1","author":"Page","year":"2009","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1177\/17585732241293396","article-title":"Minimum two-year follow-up of a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using a wedged baseplate","volume":"17","author":"Parker","year":"2024","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198607000-00023","article-title":"Observations on the effect of movement on bone ingrowth into porous-surfaced implants","volume":"208","author":"Pilliar","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.28.BJO-2021-0092.R1","article-title":"Outcome and complications following revision shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"2","author":"Ravi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Joint Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7","article-title":"Silhouettes: a graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis","volume":"20","author":"Rousseeuw","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Comput Appl Mathematics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20160111-01","article-title":"Challenges in reverse shoulder arthroplasty: addressing glenoid bone loss","volume":"39","author":"Seidl Adam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.16.17684","article-title":"Metal artifact reduction for orthopedic implants (O-MAR): usefulness in CT evaluation of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"209","author":"Shim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.07.011","article-title":"Structural glenoid allograft reconstruction during reverse total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"29","author":"Tashjian","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.08.017","article-title":"Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a biomechanical evaluation of humeral and glenosphere hardware configuration","volume":"24","author":"Tashjian","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.03.016","article-title":"Effect of complications on outcomes after revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"4","author":"Tashjian","year":"2020","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib38","series-title":"A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"Team","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2024.08.170","article-title":"Glenoid defects in revision reverse shoulder arthroplasty: are Current classification systems appropriate?","volume":"8","author":"Valencia","year":"2024","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.02.017","article-title":"Glenoid bone grafting in reverse shoulder arthroplasty for long-standing anterior shoulder dislocation","volume":"23","author":"Werner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002_bib41","series-title":"Revision shoulder arthroplasty","first-page":"107","article-title":"Classifying bone loss in revision arthroplasty","author":"Wong","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274626001680?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274626001680?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T19:45:32Z","timestamp":1786218332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1058274626001680"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1058274626001680"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-2746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-2746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Three-dimensional characterization of glenoid defects in failed shoulder arthroplasties","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2026.04.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}