{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T23:39:09Z","timestamp":1793835549082,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jshoulderelbow.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T00:12:35Z","timestamp":1781223155000},"page":"e1067-e1073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Is there still room for conservative treatment of distal biceps tendon ruptures? What patients (and surgeons) should know? A case series with a mean 4-year follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8330-0314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Coliva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7456-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3837-2881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Brunello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Tortorella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1832-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Minerba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cavallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2021.10.012","article-title":"Evaluation of clinical tests for partial distal biceps tendon ruptures and tendinitis","volume":"31","author":"Caekebeke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-007-0326-7","article-title":"Rupture of the distal biceps brachii tendon: conservative treatment versus anatomic reinsertion\u2014clinical and radiological evaluation after 2 years","volume":"127","author":"Chillemi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01150","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment of distal biceps Tendon ruptures compared with a Historical Control Group","volume":"91","author":"Freeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.182.4.1820944","article-title":"Optimal positioning for MRI of the distal biceps brachii Tendon: flexed abducted supinated view","volume":"182","author":"Giuffr\u00e8","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib5","article-title":"Distal biceps Tendon repair: an arthroscopic-assisted technique with suture anchors","volume":"14","author":"Guerra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0276-1092(09)79429-5","article-title":"Avulsion of the distal biceps brachii tendon in middle-aged population: is surgical repair advisable? A comparative study of 22 patients treated with either nonoperative management or early anatomical repair","volume":"2009","author":"Hestroni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Yearb Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-023-01934-4","article-title":"Minimal important difference, patient acceptable symptom state and longitudinal validity of oxford elbow score and the quickDASH in patients with tennis elbow","volume":"23","author":"Karjalainen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573219847146","article-title":"Distal biceps hook test - sensitivity in acute and chronic tears and ability to predict the need for graft reconstruction","volume":"12","author":"Luokkala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Shoulder Elb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567030-00011","article-title":"Rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii. A biomechanical study","volume":"67","author":"Morrey","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib10","series-title":"Morrey's The Elbow and Its Disorders","author":"Morrey","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.06.001","article-title":"Elbow strength and endurance in patients with a ruptured distal biceps tendon","volume":"19","author":"Nesterenko","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507305016","article-title":"The hook Test for distal biceps Tendon avulsion","volume":"35","author":"O\u2019Driscoll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(02)00303-0","article-title":"Italian version of the disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (dash) questionnaire. Cross-Cultural adaptation and validation","volume":"28","author":"Padua","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.10.004","article-title":"Functional outcome after repair of distal biceps tendon ruptures using the endobutton technique","volume":"18","author":"Peeters","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.02.018","article-title":"Supination peak tourque after inlay versus Onlay distal biceps reinsertion: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"50","author":"Pichierri","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2022.02.027","article-title":"Systematic review of distal biceps tendon rupture in athletes: treatment and rehabilitation","volume":"31","author":"Pitsilos","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.02.021","article-title":"Progressive osteolysis of the radius after distal biceps tendon repair with the bioabsorbable screw","volume":"20","author":"Potapov","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199905000-00006","article-title":"Distal biceps tendon injuries: diagnosis and management","volume":"7","author":"Ramsey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.09.014","article-title":"Distal biceps Tendon repair and reconstruction","volume":"45","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274626003629?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1058274626003629?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:20:20Z","timestamp":1793712020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1058274626003629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1058274626003629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041","relation":{},"ISSN":["1058-2746"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1058-2746","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is there still room for conservative treatment of distal biceps tendon ruptures? What patients (and surgeons) should know? A case series with a mean 4-year follow-up","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jse.2026.05.041","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}