{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T23:39:47Z","timestamp":1773358787249,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014388","name":"Acumed","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsesarthroplasty.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JSES International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,3]],"date-time":"2020-05-03T22:22:13Z","timestamp":1588544533000},"page":"256-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["An evaluation of treatment options for medial, midshaft, and distal clavicle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Vannabouathong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahil","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shreyas","family":"Sreeraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohit","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Koval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"McKee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.01112","article-title":"The clavicle trial: a multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing operative with nonoperative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures","volume":"99","author":"Ahrens","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678709146346","article-title":"Treatment of clavicular fractures. Figure-of-eight bandage versus a simple sling","volume":"58","author":"Andersen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00497","article-title":"Single, superiorly placed reconstruction plate compared with flexible intramedullary nailing for midshaft clavicular fractures: a prospective, randomized controlled trial","volume":"97","author":"Andrade-Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib4","first-page":"185","article-title":"Reconstruction plate versus minimal invasive retrograde titanium elastic nail fixation for displaced midclavicular fractures","volume":"12","author":"Assobhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181aa5505","article-title":"Displaced fractures of the medial end of the clavicle: report of five cases","volume":"24","author":"Bartonicek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.04.012","article-title":"Comparison of plate osteosynthesis versus non-operative management for mid-shaft clavicle fractures\u2014a prospective study","volume":"49","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-018-2187-x","article-title":"Fixation method for treatment of unstable distal clavicle fracture: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"28","author":"Boonard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.09.021","article-title":"Proximal end clavicle fracture from a parachute jumping injury","volume":"98","author":"Bourghli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3192-5","article-title":"Prospective randomized study comparing results of fixation for clavicular shaft fractures with intramedullary nail or locking compression plate","volume":"41","author":"Calbiyik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-9-42","article-title":"Comparison of single coracoclavicular suture fixation and hook plate for the treatment of acute unstable distal clavicle fractures","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib11","first-page":"870","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective comparison of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) and minimally invasive percutaneous titanium elastic nail osteosynthesis (MIPTENO) for midshaft clavicle fracture","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib12","first-page":"269","article-title":"Intramedullary nailing of clavicular midshaft fractures in adults using titanium elastic nail","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.03.007","article-title":"Retrospective comparison of titanium elastic nail (TEN) and reconstruction plate repair of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.4103\/tcmj.tcmj_25_18","article-title":"Open reduction and internal fixation with plating is beneficial in the early recovery stage for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures in patients aged 30-65 years old","volume":"30","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tzu Chi Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11751-017-0293-7","article-title":"Midshaft clavicle fractures treatment: threaded Kirschner wire versus conservative approach","volume":"12","author":"Coppa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.01.018","article-title":"Plating versus intramedullary pin or conservative treatment for midshaft fracture of clavicle: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"20","author":"Duan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-015-0336-z","article-title":"Significant pain reduction and improved functional outcome after surgery for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures","volume":"10","author":"Eden","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-017-2645-7","article-title":"Comparative analysis of locking plate versus hook plate osteosynthesis of Neer type IIB lateral clavicle fractures","volume":"137","author":"Erdle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B11.35588","article-title":"Comparison of simple arm sling and figure of eight clavicular bandage for midshaft clavicular fractures: a randomised controlled study","volume":"97-B","author":"Ersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.05.002","article-title":"Locked intramedullary fixation vs plating for displaced and shortened mid-shaft clavicle fractures: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Ferran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-014-1526-9","article-title":"TightRope versus clavicular hook plate fixation for unstable distal clavicular fractures","volume":"25","author":"Flinkkila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1080\/000164702317281404","article-title":"Surgical treatment of unstable fractures of the distal clavicle: a comparative study of Kirschner wire and clavicular hook plate fixation","volume":"73","author":"Flinkkila","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib23","first-page":"11","article-title":"Displaced medial clavicle fractures: operative treatment with locking compression plate fixation","volume":"11","author":"Frima","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20111122-05","article-title":"Anatomical reduction for treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures: Knowles pinning vs reconstruction plating","volume":"35","author":"Fu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.99B8.BJJ-2016-1318.R1","article-title":"Plate fixation versus intramedullary nailing of completely displaced midshaft fractures of the clavicle: a prospective randomised controlled trial","volume":"99-B","author":"Fuglesang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e877","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20160517-04","article-title":"Operative cost comparison: plating versus intramedullary fixation for clavicle fractures","volume":"39","author":"Hanselman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.79B4.0790537","article-title":"Closed treatment of displaced middle-third fractures of the clavicle gives poor results","volume":"79","author":"Hill","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.01.018","article-title":"Plate fixation or intramedullary fixation for midshaft clavicle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies","volume":"25","author":"Houwert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2017.08.017","article-title":"Comparing the coracoclavicular loop technique with a hook plate for the treatment of distal clavicle fractures","volume":"27","author":"Hsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20101021-04","article-title":"Comparison of hook plate and tension band wire in the treatment of distal clavicle fractures","volume":"33","author":"Hsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.02.017","article-title":"Surgical fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures: a systematic review of biomechanical studies","volume":"49","author":"Hulsmans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34912","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34912","article-title":"Intramedullary nailing versus plate fixation for the treatment displaced midshaft clavicular fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Hussain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83251","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18456","article-title":"Meta-analysis of differences in Constant-Murley scores for three mid-shaft clavicular fracture treatments","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-013-1191-4","article-title":"Titanium elastic nails, open reduction internal fixation and non-operative management for middle third clavicle fractures: a comparative study","volume":"24","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib35","first-page":"341","article-title":"Acute operative stabilization versus nonoperative management of clavicle fractures","volume":"38","author":"Judd","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00034","article-title":"Fractures of the clavicle","volume":"91","author":"Khan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib37","first-page":"210","article-title":"The comparison of results of treatment of midshaft clavicle fracture between operative treatment with plate and non-operative treatment","volume":"2","author":"Khorami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00660","article-title":"The effectiveness of a flexible locked intramedullary nail and an anatomically contoured locked plate to treat clavicular shaft fractures: a 1-year randomized control trial","volume":"101","author":"King","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.11.056","article-title":"Results of surgical treatment for unstable distal clavicular fractures","volume":"19","author":"Klein","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.03.022","article-title":"Midshaft clavicular fractures: comparison of intramedullary pin and plate fixation","volume":"20","author":"Kleweno","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181d8290e","article-title":"Operative versus nonoperative management of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: a prospective cohort study","volume":"25","author":"Kulshrestha","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2005.08.007","article-title":"Conservative treatment of fractures at the middle\u00a0third of the clavicle: the relevance of shortening and clinical outcome","volume":"15","author":"Lazarides","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.11.025","article-title":"Surgical complications following ESIN for clavicular mid-shaft fractures do not limit functional or patient-perceived outcome","volume":"47","author":"Lechler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-007-0352-7","article-title":"Surgical treatment of midclavicular fractures: a prospective comparison of Knowles pinning and plate fixation","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0696-7","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of hook plate versus tension band wire in the treatment of unstable fractures of the distal clavicle","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20071101-13","article-title":"Operative treatment of midclavicular fractures in 62 elderly patients: Knowles pin versus plate","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib47","first-page":"CD007428","article-title":"Surgical interventions for treating acute fractures or non-union of the middle third of the clavicle","author":"Lenza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib48","first-page":"270","article-title":"Clavicular hook plate: a better implant choice for fixation of unstable distal clavicle fractures?","volume":"4","author":"Leu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Exp Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib49","first-page":"E82","article-title":"A\u00a0new technique for medial-end comminuted clavicle fractures","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib50","first-page":"E82","article-title":"Comparison of plates versus intramedullary nails for fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular\u00a0fractures","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2008.01.139","article-title":"Operative outcome of displaced medial-end clavicle fractures in adults","volume":"17","author":"Low","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib52","author":"Martel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0473-z","article-title":"Approaches to interpreting and choosing the best treatments in network meta-analyses","volume":"6","author":"Mbuagbaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00020","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment compared with plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial","volume":"89","author":"McKee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01364","article-title":"Operative versus nonoperative care of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"94","author":"McKee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.11.041","article-title":"Surgical treatment of displaced middle-third clavicular fractures: a prospective, randomized trial in a working compensation population","volume":"24","author":"Melean","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3944\/AOTT.2011.2431","article-title":"Comparison between operative and nonoperative treatment methods in the management of comminuted fractures of the clavicle","volume":"45","author":"Mirzatolooei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta\u00a0Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E689","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20180724-04","article-title":"Results and outcomes after midshaft clavicle fracture: matched pair analysis of operative versus nonoperative management","volume":"41","author":"Napora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib59","first-page":"165","article-title":"Surgical fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: elastic intramedullary nailing versus precontoured plating","volume":"15","author":"Narsaria","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s11751-016-0272-4","article-title":"Management of mid-shaft clavicular fractures: comparison between non-operative treatment and plate fixation in 60 patients","volume":"12","author":"Naveen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1960.03020100014003","article-title":"Nonunion of the clavicle","volume":"172","author":"Neer","year":"1960","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.06.004","article-title":"Finite element analysis of locking plate and two types of intramedullary nails for treating mid-shaft clavicle fractures","volume":"47","author":"Ni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31820d1354","article-title":"Operative management of periarticular medial clavicle fractures\u2014report of 10 cases","volume":"72","author":"Oe","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2002.126613","article-title":"Epidemiology of clavicle fractures","volume":"11","author":"Postacchini","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.100B10.BJJ-2017-1137.R3","article-title":"Plate fixation compared with nonoperative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"100-B","author":"Qvist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-013-1370-3","article-title":"Operative versus nonoperative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in adults: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Rehn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200407000-00002","article-title":"Estimating the risk of nonunion following nonoperative treatment of a clavicular fracture","volume":"86","author":"Robinson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00307","article-title":"Open reduction and plate fixation versus nonoperative treatment for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures","volume":"95","author":"Robinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib69","first-page":"32","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of nonoperative and operative treatment of type II distal clavicle fractures","volume":"61","author":"Rokito","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull Hosp Joint Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196805000-00006","article-title":"An atlas of anatomy and treatment of midclavicular fractures","volume":"58","author":"Rowe","year":"1968","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.144227","article-title":"Plate versus titanium elastic nail in treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: a comparative study","volume":"48","author":"Saha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.06.011","article-title":"Natural history of medial clavicle fractures","volume":"47","author":"Salipas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1915-x","article-title":"Function plateaus by one year in patients with surgically treated displaced midshaft clavicle fractures","volume":"469","author":"Schemitsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-015-1617-2","article-title":"Anatomic locking plate\u00a0and coracoclavicular stabilization with suture Endo-button technique is\u00a0superior in the treatment of Neer type II distal clavicle fractures","volume":"25","author":"Seyhan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib75","first-page":"RC01","article-title":"To operate or not to operate the mid-shaft fractures of the clavicle: a comparative study of functional outcomes of the two methods of management","volume":"11","author":"Shetty","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.55095\/achot2013\/069","article-title":"Anatomically precontoured LCP for delayed union of a medial third clavicle fracture. Case report with review of the literature","volume":"80","author":"Siebenlist","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-36162011000700009","article-title":"Comparison between plate and flexible intramedullary fixation in the treatment of midshaft clavicle fractures\u2014preliminary results","volume":"46","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.04.008","article-title":"A\u00a02-year experience, management and outcome of 200 clavicle fractures","volume":"43","author":"Singh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.02.033","article-title":"Elastic stable intramedullary nailing is best for mid-shaft clavicular fractures without comminution: results in 60 patients","volume":"42","author":"Smekal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318190cf88","article-title":"Elastic stable intramedullary nailing versus nonoperative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures\u2014a randomized, controlled, clinical trial","volume":"23","author":"Smekal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.09.011","article-title":"An isolated traumatic medial third clavicular fracture requiring surgical fixation","volume":"103","author":"Smelt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Thor Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib82","first-page":"136","article-title":"Fractures of the distal clavicle: comparison between two surgical treatment methods","volume":"50","author":"Souza Vilela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib83","first-page":"1129","article-title":"Treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures: a comparison between smooth pin and LCDCP and reconstruction plate fixation","volume":"27","author":"Tabatabaei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.01184","article-title":"Treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: figure-of-eight harness versus anterior plate osteosynthesis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"99","author":"Tamaoki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1191","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20120725-18","article-title":"Clinical results of treatment using a clavicular hook plate versus a T-plate in Neer type II distal clavicle fractures","volume":"35","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib86","first-page":"1181","article-title":"Effectiveness of anatomical locking plate internal fixation combined with coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction for Neer type IIb distal clavicle fractures","volume":"32","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.08.065","article-title":"Surgical management of uncomplicated midshaft clavicle fractures: a comparison between titanium elastic nails and small reconstruction plates","volume":"21","author":"Tarng","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib88","first-page":"29","article-title":"Partial claviculectomy after non-union of proximal clavicle fracture","volume":"29","author":"Teng","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2018.08.047","article-title":"Displaced medial end clavicular fractures treated with an inverted distal clavicle plate contoured through 90 degrees","volume":"28","author":"Titchener","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/S1726-4901(10)70139-8","article-title":"Comparison of clinical results of surgical treatment for unstable distal clavicle fractures by transacromial pins with and without tension band wire","volume":"73","author":"Tsuei","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.10.003","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and predictors of patient satisfaction in displaced midshaft clavicle fractures in adults: results from a retrospective multicentre study","volume":"48","author":"Tutuhatunewa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2011.08.053","article-title":"Treatment of clavicle fractures: current concepts review","volume":"21","author":"van der Meijden","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00449","article-title":"Operative treatment of dislocated midshaft clavicular fractures: plate or intramedullary nail fixation? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"97","author":"van der Meijden","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.08.004","article-title":"Plate fixation versus conservative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: functional outcome and patients' satisfaction during a mean follow-up of 5 years","volume":"46","author":"Van Der Ven Denise","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib95","first-page":"62","article-title":"Anatomically based classification of medial clavicle fractures","volume":"84","author":"Van Tongel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2011.652884","article-title":"Operative and nonoperative treatment of clavicle fractures in adults","volume":"83","author":"Virtanen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01999","article-title":"Sling compared with plate osteosynthesis for treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"94","author":"Virtanen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e595","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000595","article-title":"Interventions for treating displaced midshaft clavicular fractures: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-015-2259-x","article-title":"Inverted distal clavicle anatomic locking plate for displaced medial clavicle fracture","volume":"135","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kjms.2015.07.008","article-title":"Titanium Elastic Nail versus plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: a retrospective comparison study","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3113\/JSOA.2013.0077","article-title":"Comparison of complication rates of intramedullary pin fixation versus plating of midshaft clavicle fractures in an active duty military population","volume":"22","author":"Wenninger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Surg Orthop Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1615-5","article-title":"Complications after plate fixation and elastic stable intramedullary nailing of dislocated midshaft clavicle fractures: a retrospective comparison","volume":"36","author":"Wijdicks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.15.01394","article-title":"Plate fixation compared with nonoperative treatment for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"99","author":"Woltz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e718","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20110922-17","article-title":"Comparing hook plates and Kirschner tension band wiring for unstable lateral clavicle fractures","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib105","first-page":"5390","article-title":"A\u00a0novel surgical method for treating medial-end clavicle fractures","volume":"16","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib106","first-page":"4678","article-title":"Treatment of unstable distal clavicle fractures (Neer type II): a comparison of three internal fixation methods","volume":"46","author":"Xiong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2017.07.006","article-title":"Clinical efficacies of coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using suture anchor versus hook plate in the treatment of distal clavicle fracture","volume":"103","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-014-2142-1","article-title":"Comparison of novel intramedullary nailing with mini-invasive plating in surgical fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures","volume":"135","author":"Zehir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aott.2018.11.005","article-title":"T-plate fixation for unstable proximal clavicula fractures","volume":"52","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010_bib110","first-page":"504","article-title":"Treatment of acute\u00a0midshaft clavicle fractures: systematic review of 2144 fractures: on behalf of the Evidence-Based Orthopaedic Trauma Working Group","volume":"19","author":"Zlowodzki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop\u00a0Trauma"}],"container-title":["JSES International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666638320300207?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666638320300207?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T03:13:41Z","timestamp":1763003621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666638320300207"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666638320300207"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6383","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An evaluation of treatment options for medial, midshaft, and distal clavicle fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JSES International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.01.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}