{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:00:12Z","timestamp":1791594012263,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsesarthroplasty.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JSES International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T20:03:41Z","timestamp":1595707421000},"page":"987-991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Identifying the axillary nerve during shoulder surgery: an anatomic study using advanced imaging"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Hachadorian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendon C.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew Y.","family":"Siow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilbur","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7624-6977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracey","family":"Bastrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Barrett","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brady K.","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric W.","family":"Edmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-009-0594-8","article-title":"Review of the surgical anatomy of the axillary nerve and the anatomic basis of its iatrogenic and traumatic injury","volume":"32","author":"Apaydin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.02.022","article-title":"Short-term complications of the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure: a North American experience","volume":"32","author":"Athwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.00935","article-title":"Complications of shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"99","author":"Bohsali","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80014-1","article-title":"Surgical anatomy of the axillary nerve","volume":"1","author":"Burkhead","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200611000-00011","article-title":"Is there a safe area for the axillary nerve in the deltoid muscle? A cadaveric study","volume":"88","author":"Cetik","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.04.003","article-title":"2014 Neer Award Paper: neuromonitoring the Latarjet procedure","volume":"23","author":"Delaney","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01627959","article-title":"Anatomical basis of the variable aspects of injuries of the axillary nerve (excluding the terminal branches in the deltoid muscle)","volume":"19","author":"Duparc","year":"1997","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.05.029","article-title":"Immediate and early complications of the open Latarjet procedure: a retrospective review of a large consecutive case series","volume":"26","author":"Gartsman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-015-9258-y","article-title":"Complications of the Latarjet procedure","volume":"8","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib10","first-page":"AC13","article-title":"Anatomy of axillary nerve and its clinical importance: a cadaveric study","volume":"9","author":"Gurushantappa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Diagn Res JCDR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2020.02.016","article-title":"Incidence of axillary nerve injury after arthroscopic shoulder stabilization","volume":"36","author":"Hamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199005000-00014","article-title":"Roentgenographic findings in massive rotator cuff tears. A long-term observation","author":"Hamada","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1590\/1413-78522015230100960","article-title":"Axillary nerve position in the anterosuperior approach of the shoulder: a cadaveric study","volume":"23","author":"Ikemoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Ortop\u00e9dica Bras"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/BTE.0000000000000030","article-title":"Brachial plexus injuries during shoulder arthroplasty: what causes them and how to prevent them","volume":"15","author":"Kam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tech Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.06.039","article-title":"Outcomes after shoulder replacement: comparison between reverse and anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"24","author":"Kiet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2019.11.014","article-title":"Neurologic deficit after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: correlation with distalization","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679909000948","article-title":"The position of the axillary nerve in the deltoid muscle: a cadaveric study","volume":"70","author":"Kontakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00369","article-title":"Prevalence of neurologic lesions after total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"93","author":"L\u00e4dermann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2013.09.006","article-title":"Injury to the axillary nerve after reverse shoulder arthroplasty: an anatomical study","volume":"100","author":"L\u00e4dermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jses.2018.12.002","article-title":"Incidence of clinically evident isolated axillary nerve injury in 869 primary anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasties without routine identification of the axillary nerve","volume":"3","author":"LiBrizzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"JSES Open Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(96)80031-0","article-title":"Neurologic complications after total shoulder arthroplasty","volume":"5","author":"Lynch","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1177\/1758573214526364","article-title":"Intraoperative nerve monitoring during total shoulder arthroplasty surgery","volume":"6","author":"Malik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shoulder Elbow"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-019-1531-0","article-title":"Effect of hospital volume on outcomes of total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Mufarrih","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2006.01.016","article-title":"Neer Award 2005: peripheral nerve function during shoulder arthroplasty using intraoperative nerve monitoring","volume":"16","author":"Nagda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.00019","article-title":"Establishing safe zones to avoid nerve injury in the approach to the humerus in pediatric patients: a magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"101","author":"O'Shea","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.02.016","article-title":"The risk of nerve injury during anatomical and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: an intraoperative neuromonitoring study","volume":"25","author":"Parisien","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a08","key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib27","first-page":"S27","article-title":"The correlation between acromion-axillary nerve distance and upper arm length; a cadaveric\u00a0study","volume":"97","author":"Samart","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Assoc Thail Chotmaihet Thangphaet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01830","article-title":"Short-term complications of the Latarjet procedure","volume":"94","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2006.05.003","article-title":"The anatomic branch pattern of the axillary nerve","volume":"16","author":"Uz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20735","article-title":"3D computerized model for measuring strain and displacement of the brachial plexus following placement of reverse shoulder prosthesis","volume":"291","author":"Van Hoof","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anat Rec Hoboken"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib31","first-page":"1476","article-title":"Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a review of results according to etiology","volume":"89","author":"Wall","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200109000-00028","article-title":"Applied anatomy of the axillary nerve for selective neurotization of the deltoid muscle","volume":"390","author":"Zhao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"}],"container-title":["JSES International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666638320300931?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666638320300931?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T03:13:08Z","timestamp":1763003588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666638320300931"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666638320300931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-6383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-6383","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identifying the axillary nerve during shoulder surgery: an anatomic study using advanced imaging","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"JSES International","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jseint.2020.06.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}