{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:11:34Z","timestamp":1773403894786,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","sleep.theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]],"date-time":"2017-05-25T00:01:37Z","timestamp":1495670497000},"page":"301-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of the Sleepy Patient"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Renee","family":"Monderer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imran M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Thorpy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib1","series-title":"International classification of sleep disorders","author":"ICSD-3","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Clinical complaints of daytime sleepiness and fatigue: how to distinguish and treat them, especially when they become 'excessive' or 'chronic'?","volume":"110","author":"Neu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"issue":"6 Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.6_suppl_3.S17","article-title":"Nocturnal symptom complex in PD and its management","volume":"61","author":"Chaudhuri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.2.372","article-title":"Sleepiness, fatigue, tiredness, and lack of energy in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"118","author":"Chervin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3272","article-title":"The sleep and technology use of Americans: findings from the National Sleep Foundation's 2011 Sleep in America poll","volume":"9","author":"Gradisar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00081-2","article-title":"Current concepts in the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of narcolepsy","volume":"2","author":"Thorpy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100043419","article-title":"Life effects of narcolepsy in 180 patients from North America, Asia and Europe compared to matched controls","volume":"8","author":"Broughton","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/7.1.18","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness","volume":"7","author":"Stepanski","year":"1984","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.03.009","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation elevates behavioral, electrographic and neurochemical measures of sleepiness","volume":"146","author":"McKenna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20758","article-title":"Severe obstructive sleep apnea: sleepy versus non sleepy patients","volume":"120","author":"Oksenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1237114","article-title":"Primary hypersomnias of central origin","volume":"29","author":"Frenette","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.5.449","article-title":"Relationship between sleep spindles and hypersomnia","volume":"17","author":"Bove","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00242-4","article-title":"Homeostatic sleep regulation in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia","volume":"111","author":"Sforza","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.03.004","article-title":"Symptomatic narcolepsy, cataplexy and hypersomnia, and their implications in the hypothalamic hypocretin\/orexin system","volume":"9","author":"Nishino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2010.00890.x","article-title":"Sleep disorders and work performance: findings from the 2008 National Sleep Foundation Sleep in America poll","volume":"20","author":"Swanson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.7.531","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of snoring and observes apneas in 5,201 older adults","volume":"19","author":"Enright","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/21.1.27","article-title":"Correlates of daytime sleepiness in 4578 elderly persons: the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"21","author":"Whitney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib18","series-title":"Sleepiness causes, consequences and treatment","first-page":"3","article-title":"Epidemiology of excessive sleepiness","author":"Ohayon","year":"2011"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000058905.71369.97","article-title":"Unawareness of naps in Parkinson disease and in disorders with excessive daytime sleepiness","volume":"60","author":"Merino-Andreu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.5.667","article-title":"Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. The Report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force","volume":"22","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.3.331","article-title":"Sleepy driver near-misses may predict accident risks","volume":"30","author":"Powell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib22","first-page":"939","article-title":"Simple four-variable screening tool for identification of patients with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"32","author":"Takegami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.08.002","article-title":"Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea\u2013clinical significance of weight loss","volume":"17","author":"Tuomilehto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2109080","article-title":"The epidemiology of obstructive sleep apnea: a population health perspective","volume":"165","author":"Young","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.01.007","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence rates of sleep paralysis: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Sharpless","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.169.4.459","article-title":"Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations: pathological phenomena?","volume":"169","author":"Ohayon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3454","article-title":"For better or worse? Changing shift schedules and the risk of work injury among men and women","volume":"40","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3162","article-title":"Prevalence and symptoms of occult sleep disordered breathing among older veterans with insomnia","volume":"9","author":"Fung","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib29","first-page":"773","article-title":"Prevalence of hypertension and circadian blood pressure variations in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Int Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.01.013","article-title":"High prevalence of sleep apnea in heart failure outpatients: even in patients with preserved systolic function","volume":"17","author":"Herrscher","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Card Fail"},{"issue":"129","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1183\/09059180.00004513","article-title":"Sleep apnoea and the heart","volume":"22","author":"Levy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"9657","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61622-0","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences","volume":"373","author":"Bradley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.11.013","article-title":"Sleep apnea in precapillary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"14","author":"Dumitrascu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200504-637OC","article-title":"Association of sleep apnea and type II diabetes: a population-based study","volume":"172","author":"Reichmuth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.04.026","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes","volume":"122","author":"Botros","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.08.060","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation","volume":"49","author":"Gami","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0871","article-title":"Central sleep apnea: implications for congestive heart failure","volume":"133","author":"Garcia-Touchard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200911-1746OC","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and incident stroke: the sleep heart health study","volume":"182","author":"Redline","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043104","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea as a risk factor for stroke and death","volume":"353","author":"Yaggi","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2006.01.017","article-title":"Early investigation and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea after stroke","volume":"14","author":"Broadley","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib41","first-page":"392","article-title":"Risk factors for developing sleep-disordered breathing in patients with recent ischaemic stroke","volume":"47","author":"Noradina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.12.001","article-title":"Rhinitis and sleep","volume":"15","author":"Lunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib43","first-page":"297","article-title":"Congestion and sleep impairment in allergic rhinitis","volume":"29","author":"Sardana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib44","first-page":"1539","article-title":"The association of sleep and pain: an update and a path forward","volume":"14","author":"Finan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib45","first-page":"1102","article-title":"Osteoarthritis and sleep: the Johnston county osteoarthritis project","volume":"35","author":"Allen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib46","first-page":"201","article-title":"Subjective sleep disturbances in adolescents with chronic pain: relationship to daily functioning and quality of life","volume":"6","author":"Palermo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2011.01859.x","article-title":"The long-term effect of insomnia on primary headaches: a\u00a0prospective population-based cohort study (HUNT-2 and HUNT-3) headache","volume":"51","author":"Odegard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33346","article-title":"Sleep problems and risk of fibromyalgia: longitudinal data on an adult female population in Norway","volume":"64","author":"Mork","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib49","first-page":"77","article-title":"Sleep apnea syndrome and snoring in patients with hypothyroidism with relation to overweight","volume":"58","author":"Misiolek","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnr.2007.12.001","article-title":"Sleepiness, physical activity, and functional outcomes in veterans with type 2 diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Chasens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Nurs Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2004.11.017","article-title":"Sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and fasting insulin levels in women with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"99","author":"Saaresranta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70287-5","article-title":"Effects of drugs on sleep","volume":"14","author":"Obermeyer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12472","article-title":"Associations between prescription opioid use and sleep impairment among veterans with chronic pain","volume":"15","author":"Morasco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S22","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12910","article-title":"Opioid therapy and sleep disorders: risks and mitigation strategies","volume":"16","author":"Cheatle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1348","article-title":"Central sleep\u00a0apnea in stable methadone maintenance treatment patients","volume":"128","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.019","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is more common than central sleep apnea in methadone maintenance patients with subjective sleep complaints","volume":"108","author":"Sharkey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00301-8","article-title":"Symptoms of atypical depression","volume":"104","author":"Posternak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0314a","article-title":"The clinical features of bipolar depression: a comparison with matched major depressive disorder patients","volume":"62","author":"Mitchell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200003000-00013","article-title":"Differences in nocturnal and daytime sleep between primary and psychiatric hypersomnia: diagnostic and treatment implications","volume":"62","author":"Vgontzas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5802","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212803523608","article-title":"Sleep and antidepressant treatment","volume":"18","author":"Wichniak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.05.013","article-title":"Effects of polypharmacy on sleep in psychiatric inpatients","volume":"139","author":"Waters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3181db8040","article-title":"Atypical antipsychotic medications are independently associated with severe obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"33","author":"Rishi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8425.2006.00235.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of exercise and sleep","volume":"4","author":"Youngstedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Biol Rhythms"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3170","article-title":"Caffeine effects on sleep taken 0, 3, or 6 hours before going to bed","volume":"9","author":"Drake","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib65","first-page":"28","article-title":"Influence of smoking on sleep and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Deleanu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pneumologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2009.03.003","article-title":"Smoking and sleep disorders","volume":"45","author":"Balaguer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2014.07.019","article-title":"Alcohol disrupts sleep homeostasis","volume":"49","author":"Thakkar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12006","article-title":"Alcohol and sleep I: effects on normal sleep","volume":"37","author":"Ebrahim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.10.1341","article-title":"Impact of alcoholism on sleep architecture and EEG power spectra in men and women","volume":"32","author":"Colrain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2009.10.020","article-title":"Sleep disturbance as a universal risk factor for relapse in addictions to psychoactive substances","volume":"74","author":"Brower","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.004","article-title":"Effect of illicit recreational drugs upon sleep: cocaine, ecstasy and marijuana","volume":"12","author":"Schierenbeck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0409-x","article-title":"Sleeping problems in Chinese illicit drug dependent subjects","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(95)70101-X","article-title":"Cephalometric and computed tomographic predictors of obstructive sleep apnea severity","volume":"107","author":"Lowe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(98)90459-1","article-title":"The influence of craniofacial structure on obstructive sleep apnea in young adults","volume":"56","author":"Johns","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20951","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in an adolescent girl with hypertrophic lingual thyroid","volume":"44","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2004.06.005","article-title":"Obstructive lingual thyroid causing sleep apnea: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"5","author":"Barnes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1177\/014556139907801009","article-title":"Thyroid testing and thyroid hormone replacement in patients with sleep disordered breathing","volume":"78","author":"Mickelson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.10.790","article-title":"Are thyroid function tests necessary in patients with suspected sleep apnea?","volume":"19","author":"Winkelman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(01)00160-5","article-title":"Low body stores of iron and restless legs syndrome: a correctable cause of insomnia in adolescents and teenagers","volume":"3","author":"Kryger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6276","article-title":"Urine toxicology in adults evaluated for a central hypersomnia and how the results modify the Physician's diagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Kosky","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4448","article-title":"Urine toxicology screen in multiple sleep latency test: the correlation of positive tetrahydrocannabinol, drug negative patients, and narcolepsy","volume":"11","author":"Dzodzomenyo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5176","article-title":"AASM Scoring Manual Version 2.2 Updates: new chapters\u00a0for scoring infant sleep staging and home sleep\u00a0apnea testing","volume":"11","author":"Berry","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3960","article-title":"Home-based diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in an urban population","volume":"10","author":"Garg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007956","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007956","article-title":"Type III home sleep testing versus pulse oximetry: is the respiratory disturbance index better than the oxygen desaturation index to predict the apnoea-hypopnoea index measured during laboratory polysomnography?","volume":"5","author":"Dawson","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01939","article-title":"Home unattended portable monitoring and automatic CPAP titration in patients with high risk for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"58","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.7.1060","article-title":"Diagnostic value of video-EEG polysomnography","volume":"41","author":"Aldrich","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.6.754","article-title":"Practice parameters for using polysomnography to evaluate insomnia: an update","volume":"26","author":"Littner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib88","first-page":"39","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness in young adults","volume":"11","author":"Levine","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2000.00177.x","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of the multiple latency test (MSLT), the maintenance of wakefulness test and the Epworth sleepiness scale: failure of the MSLT as a gold standard","volume":"9","author":"Johns","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sleep Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(91)90074-T","article-title":"MSLT-defined sleepiness and neuropsychological test performance do not correlate in the elderly","volume":"12","author":"Bliwise","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib91","first-page":"220","article-title":"The validity of the multiple sleep latency test","volume":"5","author":"Steinberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib92","first-page":"190","article-title":"Nap recordings in the diagnosis of daytime somnolence","volume":"8","author":"Hartse","year":"1979","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sleep Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/4.1.23","article-title":"Disorders of excessive daytime somnolence: polygraphic and clinical data for 100 patients","volume":"4","author":"Van den Hoed","year":"1981","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.4.519","article-title":"Guidelines for the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT): standard measure of sleepiness","volume":"9","author":"Carskadon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib95","first-page":"63","article-title":"Multiple sleep latency test: technical aspects of normal values","volume":"9","author":"Roehrs","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041292","article-title":"Modafinil for excessive sleepiness associated with shift-work sleep disorder","volume":"353","author":"Czeisler","year":"2005","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1417.002","article-title":"Sleep deprivation and vigilant attention","volume":"1129","author":"Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.11.1621","article-title":"The FAB:a frontal assessment battery at bedside","volume":"55","author":"Dubois","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107065","article-title":"Analysis of error profiles occurring during the OSLER test: a sensitive means of detecting fluctuation in vigilance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"166","author":"Mazza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2007028","article-title":"Microsleep during a simplified maintenance of wakefulness test. A validation study of the OSLER test","volume":"163","author":"Priest","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib101","series-title":"Narcolepsy: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment","first-page":"309","article-title":"Spectrum of narcolepsy","author":"Bassetti","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00422.x","article-title":"The clinical spectrum of narcolepsy with cataplexy: a reappraisal","volume":"13","author":"Sturzenegger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sleep Res"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556407X17300176?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556407X17300176?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T12:33:50Z","timestamp":1602160430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1556407X17300176"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1556407X17300176"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-407X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-407X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation of the Sleepy Patient","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}