{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:12:14Z","timestamp":1790665934549,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","sleep.theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,5]],"date-time":"2017-10-05T00:33:38Z","timestamp":1507163618000},"page":"573-586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Sleep Disordered Breathing Caused by Chronic Opioid Use"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Susmita","family":"Chowdhuri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrokh","family":"Javaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6501e1","article-title":"CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain\u2014United States, 2016","volume":"65","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib2","first-page":"769","article-title":"Estimates of pain prevalence and severity in adults: United States, 2012","volume":"16","author":"Nahin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib3","series-title":"Relieving pain in America: a blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research","author":"Institute of Medicine","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib4","first-page":"113","article-title":"Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain","volume":"10","author":"Chou","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1833","article-title":"Trends in de-facto long-term opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain","volume":"18","author":"Boudreau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib6","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Opioid painkiller prescribing, where you live makes a difference. 2014. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vitalsigns\/opioid-prescribing\/. Accessed November 14, 2016."},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6450a3","article-title":"Increases in drug and opioid overdose deaths\u2013United States, 2000-2014","volume":"64","author":"Rudd","year":"2016","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib8","first-page":"637","article-title":"Positive airway pressure therapy with adaptive servo ventilation (part II: clinical applications)","volume":"10","author":"Javaheri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib9","first-page":"A4222","article-title":"Opioids cause central sleep apnea in humans","volume":"193","author":"Javaheri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib10","unstructured":"Cao M, Javaheri S. Chronic opioid use: effects on respiration and sleep. Edited by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Opioids pharmacology, clinical uses and adverse effects. New York: 2012. 1\u201313."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1348","article-title":"Central sleep apnea in stable methadone maintenance treatment patients","volume":"128","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2006.03.006","article-title":"Opioids, sleep architecture and sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26908","article-title":"Chronic opioid use is a risk factor for the development of central sleep apnea and ataxic breathing","volume":"3","author":"Walker","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000672","article-title":"Chronic opioid use and central sleep apnea: a review of the prevalence, mechanisms, and perioperative considerations","volume":"120","author":"Correa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2007.00343.x","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and chronic opioid therapy","volume":"9","author":"Webster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-008-0208-4","article-title":"Hypoxemia in patients on chronic opiate therapy with and without sleep apnea","volume":"13","author":"Mogri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00120012","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing in patients receiving therapy with buprenorphine\/naloxone","volume":"42","author":"Farney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.11.019","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is more common than central sleep apnea in methadone maintenance patients with subjective sleep complaints","volume":"108","author":"Sharkey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-013-0894-4","article-title":"Positive airway pressure therapy in patients with opioid-related central sleep apnea","volume":"18","author":"Troitino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.21.2154","article-title":"Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations","volume":"97","author":"Javaheri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib21","first-page":"517","article-title":"Contribution a l\u2019etude du phenomene respiratoire de Cheyne-Stokes","volume":"23","author":"Biot","year":"1876","journal-title":"Lyon Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1517","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing after targeted ablation of preB\u00f6tzinger complex neurons","volume":"8","author":"McKay","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-010-9254-3","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and chronic opioid use","volume":"188","author":"Guilleminault","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lung"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27486","article-title":"The prevalence and natural history of complex sleep apnea","volume":"5","author":"Javaheri","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210412331292578","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory function in stable methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients","volume":"9","author":"Teichtahl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3950","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing and chronic respiratory failure in patients with chronic pain on long term opioid therapy","volume":"10","author":"Rose","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2014.05.004","article-title":"Opioids, sedatives, and sleep hypoventilation","volume":"9","author":"Arora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib28","series-title":"Acid-base disorders and their treatment","first-page":"47","article-title":"Determinants of carbon dioxide tension","author":"Javaheri","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.9633954.x","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing in stable methadone programme patients: a pilot study","volume":"96","author":"Teichtahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib30","first-page":"33","article-title":"The effect of opioids on sleep architecture","volume":"3","author":"Dimsdale","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3788","article-title":"Adaptive servoventilation for treatment of opioid-associated central sleep apnea","volume":"10","author":"Javaheri","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5032","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1683005","article-title":"Pre-Botzinger complex: a brainstem region that may generate respiratory rhythm in mammals","volume":"254","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2002.023408","article-title":"Opioid-resistant respiratory pathway from the preinspiratory neurones to abdominal muscles: in\u00a0vivo and in\u00a0vitro study in the newborn rat","volume":"545","author":"Janczewski","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020774","article-title":"Opioid depression of respiration in neonatal rats","volume":"485","author":"Greer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4611-10.2011","article-title":"PreB\u00f6tzinger complex neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons mediate opioid-induced respiratory depression","volume":"31","author":"Montandon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.261974","article-title":"CrossTalk proposal: the preBotzinger complex is essential for the respiratory depression following systemic administration of opioid analgesics","volume":"592","author":"Montandon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00188.2009","article-title":"Clinically relevant infusion rates of mu-opioid agonist remifentanil cause bradypnea in decerebrate dogs but not via direct effects in the pre-Botzinger complex region","volume":"103","author":"Mustapic","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2012.06.032","article-title":"Activation of opioid mu-receptors, but not delta- or kappa-receptors, switches pulmonary C-fiber-mediated rapid shallow breathing into an apnea in anesthetized rats","volume":"183","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.171678","article-title":"Opioid receptor mechanisms at the hypoglossal motor pool and effects on tongue muscle activity in\u00a0vivo","volume":"587","author":"Hajiha","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib40","first-page":"333","article-title":"Effect of meperidine on occlusion pressure responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia with and without external inspiratory resistance","volume":"114","author":"Kryger","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.51.8.851","article-title":"Effects of naloxone on upper airway collapsibility in normal sleeping subjects","volume":"51","author":"Meurice","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000265","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea, pain, and opioids: is the riddle solved?","volume":"29","author":"Lam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197505222922106","article-title":"Diminished ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia after morphine in normal man","volume":"292","author":"Weil","year":"1975","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.91.2.197","article-title":"Effects of oral narcotics on sleep-disordered breathing in healthy adults","volume":"91","author":"Robinson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339","article-title":"Ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in stable methadone maintenance treatment patients","volume":"128","author":"Teichtahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2110041","article-title":"Effect of ventilatory drive on carbon dioxide sensitivity below eupnea during sleep","volume":"165","author":"Nakayama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2004.028985","article-title":"Crossing the apnoeic threshold: causes and consequences","volume":"90","author":"Dempsey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1985.59.6.1675","article-title":"Opioids and breathing","volume":"59","author":"Santiago","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(93)90124-S","article-title":"Hypoxia, sleep and respiration in relation to opioids in developing swine","volume":"92","author":"Moss","year":"1993","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2005.07.015","article-title":"Postoperative day one: a high risk period for respiratory events","volume":"190","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9048(02)00034-4","article-title":"Central neuropeptide systems and respiratory control during development","volume":"131","author":"Moss","year":"2002","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(95)00075-O","article-title":"Age-related mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid ligands in respiratory-related brain regions of piglets: effect of prenatal cocaine","volume":"87","author":"Zhang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res Dev Brain Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1979.47.5.1105","article-title":"Naloxone enhances respiratory output in cats","volume":"47","author":"Lawson","year":"1979","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol\u00a0Respir Environ Exerc Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(94)00297-5","article-title":"Effects of naloxone on oxygen consumption and ventilation in awake golden Syrian hamsters","volume":"57","author":"Schlenker","year":"1995","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.37.11.834","article-title":"Endogenous opiates and the control of breathing in normal subjects and patients with chronic airflow obstruction","volume":"37","author":"Tabona","year":"1982","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1985.131.4.588","article-title":"Endogenous opioids and ventilatory responses to hypoxia in normal humans 1\u20134","volume":"131","author":"Steinbrook","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.52.4.1030","article-title":"No effect of naloxone on hypoxia-induced ventilatory depression in adults","volume":"52","author":"Kagawa","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib58","first-page":"596","article-title":"Increased mortality rate associated with prescribed opioid medications: is there a link with sleep disordered breathing?","volume":"26","author":"Porucznik","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2013.10.003","article-title":"Opioid-induced central sleep apnea: mechanisms and therapies","volume":"9","author":"Javaheri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2016.01.004","article-title":"Novel therapies for the treatment of central sleep apnea","volume":"11","author":"Javaheri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2009.00295.x","article-title":"Reversal of sleep-disordered breathing with opioid withdrawal","volume":"9","author":"Ramar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2164","article-title":"Reversal of central sleep apnea following discontinuation of opioids","volume":"8","author":"Davis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27230","article-title":"Adaptive servoventilation (ASV) in patients with sleep disordered breathing associated with chronic opioid medications for non-malignant pain","volume":"4","author":"Farney","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-1776","article-title":"Positive airway pressure therapy with adaptive servoventilation: part 1: operational algorithms","volume":"146","author":"Javaheri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2160","article-title":"Adaptive servoventilation in patients with central or complex sleep apnea related to chronic opioid use and congestive heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Ramar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2156","article-title":"Treatment of central sleep apnea in US veterans","volume":"8","author":"Chowdhuri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-008-0221-7","article-title":"Opioid-associated central sleep apnea: a case series","volume":"13","author":"Alattar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3954","article-title":"A\u00a0novel adaptive servoventilation (ASVAuto) for the treatment of central sleep apnea associated with chronic use\u00a0of opioids","volume":"10","author":"Cao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200507-1035OC","article-title":"Acetazolamide improves central sleep apnea in heart failure: a double-blind, prospective study","volume":"173","author":"Javaheri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27394","article-title":"Acetazolamide as an adjunct to CPAP treatment: a case of complex sleep apnea in a patient on long-acting opioid therapy","volume":"5","author":"Glidewell","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2008","article-title":"Pathophysiology of sleep apnea","volume":"90","author":"Dempsey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200606-778OC","article-title":"Ampakines alleviate respiratory depression in rats","volume":"174","author":"Ren","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.02.011","article-title":"Ampakine therapy to counter fentanyl-induced respiratory depression","volume":"168","author":"Greer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib74","first-page":"79","article-title":"Opioid-induced respiratory depression: reversal by non-opioid drugs","volume":"6","author":"Van Der Schier","year":"2013","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2009.194","article-title":"Selective antagonism of opioid-induced ventilatory depression by an ampakine molecule in humans without loss of opioid analgesia","volume":"87","author":"Oertel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2010.04.003","article-title":"Relationship of chronic pain and opioid use with respiratory disturbance during sleep","volume":"13","author":"Jungquist","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27229","article-title":"Adaptive pressure support servoventilation: a novel treatment for sleep apnea associated with use of opioids","volume":"4","author":"Javaheri","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-015-1161-7","article-title":"Home-use servo-ventilation therapy in chronic pain patients with central sleep apnea: initial and 3-month follow-up","volume":"19","author":"Shapiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556407X17300942?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556407X17300942?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,18]],"date-time":"2020-10-18T15:14:23Z","timestamp":1603034063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1556407X17300942"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1556407X17300942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.732101496.793561206","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1556-407X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-407X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sleep Disordered Breathing Caused by Chronic Opioid Use","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.07.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}