{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T17:19:44Z","timestamp":1771435184990,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","sleep.theclinics.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T09:46:50Z","timestamp":1763632010000},"page":"119-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disparities in Diagnosis of and Management of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Romy","family":"Hoque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lourdes M.","family":"DelRosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.11-3-282","article-title":"Narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnolence, and related conditions","volume":"11","author":"Quinnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.10144","article-title":"Central disorders of hypersomnolence: diagnostic discrepancies between military and civilian sleep centers","volume":"18","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.11.013","article-title":"Social support and isolation in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia: an international survey","volume":"125","author":"Flygare","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.11104","article-title":"Incidence of pediatric narcolepsy diagnosis and management: evidence from claims data","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12044","article-title":"Clinical, polysomnographic and genome-wide association analyses of narcolepsy with cataplexy: a european narcolepsy network study","volume":"22","author":"Luca","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S359980","article-title":"Idling for decades: a European Study on risk factors associated with the delay before a narcolepsy diagnosis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.03.021","article-title":"Sex effect on time to diagnosis and clinical features of narcolepsy type 1 and 2","volume":"130","author":"Fernandes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.11168","article-title":"Exploring sleep characteristics in Chinese patients with narcolepsy: insights from the nocturnal sleep onset rapid eye movement period (nSOREMP)","volume":"20","author":"Zeng","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.12.002","article-title":"Challenges in the development of therapeutics for narcolepsy","volume":"152","author":"Black","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6494","article-title":"Listening to the patient voice in Narcolepsy: diagnostic delay, disease burden, and treatment efficacy","volume":"13","author":"Maski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14157","article-title":"Sex disparities in clinical features and burden of narcolepsy type 1","volume":"33","author":"Ingravallo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.11.039","article-title":"Investigation of anti-neuronal antibodies and disparity in central hypersomnias","volume":"113","author":"Prochazkova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad060","article-title":"Pediatric sleep: current knowledge, gaps, and opportunities for the future","volume":"46","author":"Reynolds","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleepadvances\/zpae059","article-title":"Diagnostic challenges and burden of idiopathic hypersomnia: a systematic literature review","volume":"5","author":"Boulanger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-023-00998-6","article-title":"Idiopathic hypersomnia: neurobiology, diagnosis, and management","volume":"37","author":"Morse","year":"2023","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.01.031","article-title":"Idiopathic hypersomnia: a homogeneous or heterogeneous disease?","volume":"80","author":"Nevsimalova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101709","article-title":"Clinical considerations for the diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia","volume":"66","author":"Dauvilliers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2922","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of the multiple sleep latency test in narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia","volume":"9","author":"Trotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2023.08.001","article-title":"Narcolepsies, update in 2023","volume":"179","author":"Barateau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9328","article-title":"Treatment of central disorders of hypersomnolence: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline","volume":"17","author":"Maski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101766","article-title":"Update on the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia: progress, challenges, and expert opinion","volume":"69","author":"Arnulf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.10.006","article-title":"The impact of idiopathic hypersomnia on the social lives of young adults","volume":"11","author":"Davidson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0763-0","article-title":"Hypersomnolence, Hypersomnia, and mood disorders","volume":"19","author":"Barateau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib24","article-title":"Patient experiences of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia in the nordics: a patient journey map","author":"Vesinurm","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2016.10.013","article-title":"Hypersomnia: evaluation, treatment, and social and economic aspects","volume":"12","author":"Saini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556407X25000955?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1556407X25000955?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T16:52:39Z","timestamp":1771433559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1556407X25000955"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1556407X25000955"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-407X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-407X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Disparities in Diagnosis of and Management of Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsmc.2025.10.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}