{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T12:27:01Z","timestamp":1793622421989,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of School Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T07:16:46Z","timestamp":1712992606000},"page":"101311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gender, racial-ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in the development of social-emotional competence among elementary school students"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Juyeon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie B.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Robitaille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"LeBuffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.39.2.324","article-title":"Developmental trajectories toward violence in middle childhood: Course, demographic differences, and response to school-based intervention","volume":"39","author":"Aber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/0042085907311806","article-title":"Future time perspective, hope, and ethnic identity among African American adolescents","volume":"43","author":"Adelabu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Urban Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0015","series-title":"Disparities in child and adolescent mental health and mental health services in the US","author":"Alegr\u00eda","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.112.4.545","article-title":"Missing data techniques for structural equation modeling","volume":"112","author":"Allison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731514557362","article-title":"The case for the perceived social competence scale II","volume":"26","author":"Anderson-Butcher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282920953240","article-title":"Initial development and validation of the social skills improvement system\u2014Social and emotional learning brief scales-teacher form","volume":"39","author":"Anthony","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327795jra0904_4","article-title":"Perceiving high or low home-school dissonance: Longitudinal effects on adolescent emotional and academic well-being","volume":"9","author":"Arunkumar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0040","series-title":"Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning","article-title":"Student social and emotional competence assessment: The current state of the field and a vision for its future","author":"Assessment Work Group","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0045","series-title":"Measuring SEL","article-title":"SEL Assessment guide","author":"Assessment Work Group","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/15345084221095440","article-title":"Assessing the factor structure and measurement invariance of the BASC-3 behavioral and emotional screening system student form across race\/ethnicity and gender","volume":"48","author":"Basting","year":"2022","journal-title":"Assessment for Effective Intervention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.03.022","article-title":"Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: Challenges and the potential to advance health equity","volume":"110","author":"Bauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2012.01779.x","article-title":"Cumulative advantages and the emergence of social and ethnic inequality: Matthew effects in reading and mathematics development within elementary schools?","volume":"83","author":"Baumert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/0038040711431585","article-title":"Beyond the schoolyard: The role of parenting logics, financial resources, and social institutions in the social class gap in structured activity participation","volume":"85","author":"Bennett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sociology of Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.238","article-title":"Comparative fit indexes in structural models","volume":"107","author":"Bentler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018607","article-title":"The effects of a multiyear universal social\u2013emotional learning program: The role of student and school characteristics","volume":"78","author":"Bierman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0080","series-title":"Structural equations with latent variables","author":"Bollen","year":"1989"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300750","article-title":"The problem with the phrase women and minorities: Intersectionality\u2014An important theoretical framework for public health","volume":"102","author":"Bowleg","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1177\/0042085905278179","article-title":"In search of cultural themes and their expressions in the dynamics of classroom life","volume":"40","author":"Boykin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Urban Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018450","article-title":"Multilevel exploration of factors contributing to the overrepresentation of black students in office disciplinary referrals","volume":"102","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2017.05.009","article-title":"ACE, place, race, and poverty: Building hope for children","volume":"17","author":"Bruner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Academic Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-023-10015-3","article-title":"Measurement invariance across sex and language background of a self-report social-emotional learning questionnaire for middle childhood","volume":"16","author":"Carpendale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Indicators Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5820\/aian.2401.2017.1","article-title":"Academic achievement of American Indian and Alaska native students: Does social-emotional competence reduce the impact of poverty?","volume":"24","author":"Chain","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013193","article-title":"What happens if we compare chopsticks with forks? The impact of making inappropriate comparisons in cross-cultural research","volume":"95","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_5","article-title":"Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance","volume":"9","author":"Cheung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/003804070407700301","article-title":"Social reproduction and child-rearing practices: Social class, children\u2019s agency, and the summer activity gap","volume":"77","author":"Chin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sociology of Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13968","article-title":"The state of evidence for social and emotional learning: A contemporary meta-analysis of universal school-based SEL interventions","volume":"94","author":"Cipriano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0135","series-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1969"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2010.00576.x","article-title":"Patterns of attachment and emotional competence in middle childhood","volume":"20","author":"Colle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0145","series-title":"Development during middle childhood: The years from six to twelve","author":"Collins","year":"1984"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.5.648","article-title":"Initial impact of the fast track prevention trial for conduct problems: II. Classroom effects","volume":"67","author":"Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000308","article-title":"Linking social and emotional learning standards to the WCSD social-emotional competency assessment: A Rasch approach","volume":"34","author":"Crowder","year":"2019","journal-title":"School Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0160","series-title":"Psychometric properties and construct calidity of a student survey measuring the CASEL five core social and emotional competencies","author":"Davis","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1207\/s15566935eed1701_4","article-title":"Social-emotional competence as support for school readiness: What is it and how do we assess it?","volume":"17","author":"Denham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Early Education and Development"},{"issue":"128","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/cd.267","article-title":"Gender differences in the socialization of preschoolers\u2019 emotional competence","volume":"2010","author":"Denham","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0175","series-title":"Inheriting possibility: Social reproduction and quantification in education","author":"Dixon-Rom\u00e1n","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12739","article-title":"Social-emotional competence: An essential factor for promoting positive adjustment and reducing risk in school children","volume":"88","author":"Domitrovich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0185","series-title":"APA PsycTests","article-title":"Student risk screening scale (SRSS) [database record]","author":"Drummond","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0190","series-title":"The Education Trust","article-title":"Social, emotional, and academic development through an equity lens","author":"Duchesneau","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x","article-title":"The impact of enhancing students\u2019 social and emotional learning: A meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions","volume":"82","author":"Durlak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0200","series-title":"Handbook of child psychology","first-page":"646","article-title":"Prosocial development","volume":"Vol. 1\u20133","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/0042085920933335","article-title":"Toward equity-oriented assessment of social and emotional learning: Examining equivalence of concepts and measures","volume":"57","author":"El Mallah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urban Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1037\/1045-3830.23.4.474","article-title":"Social competence, social support, and academic achievement in minority, low-income, urban elementary school children","volume":"23","author":"Elias","year":"2008","journal-title":"School Psychology Quarterly"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0215","series-title":"Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development","article-title":"Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for educators","author":"Elias","year":"1997"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s12310-017-9214-7","article-title":"Screening for student mental health risk: Diagnostic accuracy, measurement invariance, and predictive validity of the social, academic, and emotional behavior risk screener-student rating scale (SAEBRS-SRS)","volume":"9","author":"von der Embse","year":"2017","journal-title":"School Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2019.09.005","article-title":"Multi-informant universal screening: Evaluation of rater, item, and construct variance using a trifactor model","volume":"77","author":"von der Embse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of School Psychology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-016-0452-5","article-title":"Short-term intervention effects of the PATHS curriculum in young low-income children: Capitalizing on plasticity","volume":"37","author":"Fishbein","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Primary Prevention"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000278","article-title":"Measurement invariance of the student risk screening scale across time and gender","volume":"34","author":"Fredrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"School Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.41.3.479","article-title":"Reducing playground bullying and supporting beliefs: An experimental trial of the steps to respect program","volume":"41","author":"Frey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-014-9253-7","article-title":"Promoting desirable outcomes among culturally and ethnically diverse children in social emotional learning programs: A multilevel heuristic model","volume":"26","author":"Garner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0255","article-title":"Measuring social emotional learning through student surveys in the CORE districts: A pragmatic approach to validity and reliability","author":"Gehlbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Policy Analysis for California Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400006374","article-title":"Promoting emotional competence in school-aged children: The effects of the PATHS curriculum","volume":"7","author":"Greenberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1353\/foc.2017.0006","article-title":"Social and emotional learning and equity in school discipline","volume":"27","author":"Gregory","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Future of Children"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/00405841.2017.1336035","article-title":"Teacher beliefs and the overrepresentation of Black students in classroom discipline","volume":"56","author":"Gregory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theory Into Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0275","series-title":"Multivariate data analysis","author":"Hair","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654308325184","article-title":"Reflecting on social emotional learning: A critical perspective on trends in the United States","volume":"79","author":"Hoffman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/1754730X.2009.9715704","article-title":"Universal social competence promotion programme in school: Does it work for children with low socio-economic background?","volume":"2","author":"Holsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Advances in School Mental Health Promotion"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.22388","article-title":"Social-emotional competence trajectories from a school-based child trauma symptom intervention in a disadvantaged community","volume":"57","author":"Hutchison","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychology in the Schools"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0295","series-title":"Handbook of resilience in children","first-page":"237","article-title":"Assessing social and emotional competencies in educational settings: Supporting resilience in young people","author":"Hwang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0300","series-title":"Characteristics of public and private elementary and secondary school teachers in the United States: Results from the 2017\u201318 National Teacher and principal survey (NCES 2020-142rev)","author":"Institute of Education Sciences","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2010.01560.x","article-title":"Two-year impacts of a universal school-based social-emotional and literacy intervention: An experiment in translational developmental research","volume":"82","author":"Jones","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105623","article-title":"Racial equity in academic success: The role of school climate and social emotional learning","volume":"119","author":"Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.077628","article-title":"Advancing health disparities research within the health care system: A conceptual framework","volume":"96","author":"Kilbourne","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000024","article-title":"Development and initial validation of the social and academic behavior risk screener for elementary grades","volume":"28","author":"Kilgus","year":"2013","journal-title":"School Psychology Quarterly"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915374","article-title":"Measurement invariance across groups in latent growth modeling","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430.2020.1718670","article-title":"Fostering toddlers\u2019 social emotional competence: Considerations of teachers\u2019 emotion language by child gender","volume":"191","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"Early Child Development and Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0335","series-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2019.1638784","article-title":"Analyzing longitudinal multirater data with changing and stable raters","volume":"27","author":"Koch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s12552-014-9138-x","article-title":"Culture or teacher bias? Racial and ethnic variation in student\u2013teacher effort assessment match\/mismatch","volume":"7","author":"Kozlowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Race and Social Problems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0350","series-title":"Interpreting effect sizes of education interventions (EdWorkingPaper No. 19-10)","author":"Kraft","year":"2019"},{"issue":"79","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0355","first-page":"1622","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 assessment of preschoolers\u2019 social and emotional competence: Does sex of children matter in developmental outcomes?","volume":"7","author":"Krishnan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Year"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2005.08.002","article-title":"Students\u2019 experiences of home\u2013school dissonance: The role of school academic culture and perceptions of classroom goal structures","volume":"31","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0365","series-title":"The PATHS curriculum: Promoting alternative thinking strategies","author":"Kusch\u00e9","year":"1994"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X035007003","article-title":"From the achievement gap to the education debt: Understanding achievement in US schools","volume":"35","author":"Ladson-Billings","year":"2006","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0375","series-title":"Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life, with an update a decade later","author":"Lareau","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0380","series-title":"The Devereux student strengths assessment (DESSA) assessment, technical manual, and user\u2019s guide","author":"LeBuffe","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1086\/701526","article-title":"Multilevel structural equation modeling for social work researchers: An introduction and application to healthy youth development","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-023-01552-y","article-title":"Universal school-based social and emotional learning (SEL) for diverse student subgroups: Implications for enhancing equity through SEL","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0395","article-title":"Measuring the development of social-emotional competence using behavioral rating scales in the context of school-based social and emotional learning","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Social and Emotional Learning: Research, Practice, and Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-5812.2004.00057.x","article-title":"The color of supremacy: Beyond the discourse of \u2018white privilege\u2019","volume":"36","author":"Leonardo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Educational Philosophy and Theory"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/00131946.2012.715831","article-title":"The race for class: Reflections on a critical raceclass theory of education","volume":"48","author":"Leonardo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Educational Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0410","series-title":"Longitudinal structural equation modeling","author":"Little","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410.2015.1034090","article-title":"Emotional development among early school-age children: Gender differences in the role of problem behaviours","volume":"36","author":"Maguire","year":"2016","journal-title":"Educational Psychology (Dorchester-on-Thames)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0420","first-page":"58","article-title":"Why trouble SEL? The need for cultural relevance in SEL","volume":"43","author":"Mahfouz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Occasional Paper Series"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0425","article-title":"What is assessment bias and how is aperture education working to reduce it?","author":"Mahoney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aperture Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2011.597084","article-title":"The effectiveness of two universal preventive interventions in reducing children\u2019s externalizing behavior: A cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"40","author":"Malti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-016-9427-6","article-title":"The Delaware social-emotional competency scale (DSECS-S): Evidence of validity and reliability","volume":"11","author":"Mantz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child Indicators Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.21800","article-title":"Cultural and ethnic bias in teacher ratings of behavior: A criterion-focused review","volume":"51","author":"Mason","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychology in the Schools"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282917749682","article-title":"Reliability, factor structure, and measurement invariance of a web-based assessment of children\u2019s social-emotional comprehension","volume":"37","author":"McKown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000245438.73837.89","article-title":"An essay on measurement and factorial invariance","author":"Meredith","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"issue":"3810","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1126\/science.159.3810.56","article-title":"The Matthew effect in science: The reward and communication systems of science are considered","volume":"159","author":"Merton","year":"1968","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1177\/014662169301700401","article-title":"Methodology review: Statistical approaches for assessing measurement bias","volume":"17","author":"Millsap","year":"1993","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0465","article-title":"Toxic stress and children\u2019s outcomes: African American children growing up poor are at greater risk of disrupted physiological functioning and depressed academic achievement","author":"Morsy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Economic Policy Institute"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0470","series-title":"Mplus statistical analysis with latent variables: User\u2019s guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0475","series-title":"The Devereux student strengths assessment\u2014Mini (DESSA-Mini): Assessment, technical manual, and user\u2019s guide","author":"Naglieri","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0480","series-title":"Handbook of resilience in children","first-page":"261","article-title":"Assessment of social-emotional competencies related to resilience","author":"Naglieri","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.12931","article-title":"Gender gaps in cognitive and social-emotional skills in early primary grades: Evidence from rural Indonesia","volume":"23","author":"Nakajima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2016.11.002","article-title":"Measurement equivalence: A non-technical primer on categorical multi-group confirmatory factor analysis in school psychology","volume":"60","author":"Pendergast","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of School Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0495","author":"Pennsylvania Department of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2009.00260.x","article-title":"The changing racial and ethnic composition of the US population: Emerging American identities","volume":"35","author":"Perez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Population and Development Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.21761","article-title":"Understanding disproportionate representation in special education by examining group differences in behavior ratings","volume":"51","author":"Peters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychology in the Schools"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2016.06.004","article-title":"Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research","volume":"41","author":"Putnick","year":"2016","journal-title":"Developmental Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0515","article-title":"Ready to enter: What research tells policymakers about strategies to promote social and emotional school readiness among three-and four-year-old children","author":"Raver","year":"2002","journal-title":"National Center for Children in Poverty, Columbia University"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2332858416657343","article-title":"Recent trends in income, racial, and ethnic school readiness gaps at kindergarten entry","volume":"2","author":"Reardon","year":"2016","journal-title":"AERA Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-017-9425-3","article-title":"Student diversity representation and reporting in universal school-based social and emotional learning programs: Implications for generalizability","volume":"30","author":"Rowe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0530","article-title":"Dirty dancing with race and class: Microaggressions toward first-generation and low income college students of color","volume":"2","author":"Sarcedo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Critical Scholarship on Higher Education and Student Affairs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-009-9135-y","article-title":"Ensuring positiveness of the scaled difference chi-square test statistic","volume":"75","author":"Satorra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000099","article-title":"Cluster-randomized trial demonstrating impact on academic achievement of elementary social-emotional learning","volume":"30","author":"Schonfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"School Psychology Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-016-0632-1","article-title":"In the same ballpark or a whole new ball game? Staff as raters of youth behavior","volume":"26","author":"Shapiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1086\/699153","article-title":"Efficient implementation monitoring in routine prevention practice: A grand challenge for schools","volume":"9","author":"Shapiro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1037\/spq0000181","article-title":"Protective factor screening for prevention practice: Sensitivity and specificity of the DESSA-Mini","volume":"32","author":"Shapiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"School Psychology Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0560","first-page":"25","article-title":"Predictors of rater bias in the assessment of social-emotional competence","volume":"8","author":"Shapiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Emotional Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0565","series-title":"Social and emotional learning: Research, practice, and policy","article-title":"Monitoring the growth of social and emotional competence to guide practice","author":"Shapiro","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0570","series-title":"Research and practice in infant and early childhood mental health","first-page":"23","article-title":"Social and emotional development in infant and early childhood mental health","author":"Shulman","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0575","series-title":"Theoretical perspectives for direct social work practice","first-page":"131","article-title":"Strengths-based social work: A meta-theory to guide social work research and practice","author":"Simmons","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.2011.12087730","article-title":"Race is not neutral: A national investigation of African American and Latino disproportionality in school discipline","volume":"40","author":"Skiba","year":"2011","journal-title":"School Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021320817372","article-title":"The color of discipline: Sources of racial and gender disproportionality in school punishment","volume":"34","author":"Skiba","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Urban Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/02643944.2021.1977986","article-title":"Boys will be boys: Young people\u2019s perceptions and experiences of gender within education","volume":"40","author":"Skipper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pastoral Care in Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr2502_4","article-title":"Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach","volume":"25","author":"Steiger","year":"1990","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022115600264","article-title":"The norms that drive behavior: Implications for cultural mismatch theory","volume":"46","author":"Stephens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0605","series-title":"Microaggressions and marginality: Manifestation, dynamics, and impact","author":"Sue","year":"2010"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli1501_01","article-title":"Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence","volume":"15","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological Inquiry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014578","article-title":"Promoting academic achievement: The role of racial identity in buffering perceptions of teacher discrimination on academic achievement among African American and Caribbean Black adolescents","volume":"101","author":"Thomas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291170","article-title":"A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis","volume":"38","author":"Tucker","year":"1973","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/cs\/cdab028","article-title":"Racial bias, social\u2013emotional competence, and teachers\u2019 evaluation of student behavior","volume":"44","author":"Ura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children & Schools"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01120137","article-title":"School failure and cultural mismatch: Another view","volume":"20","author":"Villegas","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Urban Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-011-0230-9","article-title":"Effects of a social-emotional and character development program on the trajectory of behaviors associated with social-emotional and character development: Findings from three randomized trials","volume":"12","author":"Washburn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0640","series-title":"Handbook of social and emotional learning: Research and practice","first-page":"3","article-title":"Social and emotional learning: Past, present, and future","author":"Weissberg","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3102\/0162373720912236","article-title":"Trends in student social-emotional learning: Evidence from the first large-scale panel student survey","volume":"42","author":"West","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12552-009-9004-4","article-title":"Toward a framework for understanding forces that contribute to or reinforce racial inequality","volume":"1","author":"Wilson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Race and Social Problems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/105381519602000404","article-title":"Social and emotional development in early childhood: The identification of competence and disabilities","volume":"20","author":"Wittmer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Early Intervention"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2020.1747938","article-title":"A cautionary note on identification and scaling issues in second-order latent growth models","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0665","article-title":"Research synthesis on screening and assessing social-emotional competence","author":"Yates","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Center on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0670","series-title":"Handbook of social development: A lifespan perspective","first-page":"229","article-title":"The development of prosocial behavior","author":"Zahn-Waxler","year":"1992"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.21.1.97","article-title":"Gender differences in altruistic reputation: Are they artifactual?","volume":"21","author":"Zarbatany","year":"1985","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/07419325020230030601","article-title":"Minority representation in special education: A persistent challenge","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remedial and Special Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025413515405","article-title":"Emotion regulation from early adolescence to emerging adulthood and middle adulthood: Age differences, gender differences, and emotion-specific developmental variations","volume":"38","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0690","series-title":"Building academic success on social and emotional learning: What does the research say?","first-page":"3","article-title":"The scientific base linking social and emotional learning to school success","author":"Zins","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311_bb0695","series-title":"Poverty, class, and schooling: Global perspectives on economic justice and educational equity","first-page":"347","article-title":"Poverty and class bias in schools","author":"Zoric","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Journal of School Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022440524000311?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022440524000311?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]],"date-time":"2025-02-24T20:48:39Z","timestamp":1740430119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022440524000311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":138,"alternative-id":["S0022440524000311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4405"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4405","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gender, racial-ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in the development of social-emotional competence among elementary school students","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of School Psychology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsp.2024.101311","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101311"}}