{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:03:20Z","timestamp":1792803800856,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"SERB","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YSS\/2015\/001851"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSS\/2015\/001851"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"SERB","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SR\/NM\/NB-1044\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SR\/NM\/NB-1044\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T23:10:16Z","timestamp":1569453016000},"page":"1113-1126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Thymoquinone (2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone) as a chemopreventive\/anticancer agent: Chemistry and biological effects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Anas","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akshay","family":"Vyawahare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneeb U.","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wajhul","family":"Qamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Quaiyoom","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S44108","article-title":"Thymoquinone-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: preparation, gastroprotection, in vitro toxicity, and pharmacokinetic properties after extravascular administration","volume":"8","author":"Abdelwahab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4103\/0250-474X.106060","article-title":"The effect of route of administration in thymoquinone toxicity in male and female rats","volume":"74","author":"Abukhader","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ind. J. Pharmaceut. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2018.10.104","article-title":"Solubility, solubility parameters and solution thermodynamics of thymoquinone in different mono solvents","volume":"272","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.03.027","article-title":"Thymoquinone suppresses metastasis of melanoma cells by inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"270","author":"Ahmad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24861","article-title":"Radioprotective effect of thymoquinone on salivary gland of rats exposed to total cranial irradiation","volume":"39","author":"Akyuz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0040","first-page":"25","article-title":"Oral and intraperitoneal LD50 of thymoquinone, an active principle of Nigella sativa, in mice and rats","volume":"20","author":"Al-Ali","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13357-5","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of thymoquinone alone or in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) against oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro","volume":"7","author":"Alaufi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.01.028","article-title":"Thymoquinone reduces mortality and suppresses early acute inflammatory markers of sepsis in a mouse model","volume":"98","author":"Alkharfy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2017.03.026","article-title":"Antitumor effect of thymoquinone combined with resveratrol on mice transplanted with breast cancer","volume":"10","author":"Alobaedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Novel oral dosage regimen based on self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems for codelivery of phytochemicals-curcumin and thymoquinone","author":"Alwadei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi Pharmaceut. J."},{"issue":"01\/02","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0065","first-page":"8","article-title":"Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its active constituent, thymoquinone: an overview on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects","volume":"82","author":"Amin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.29333\/ejgm\/89493","article-title":"The interaction of glutathione and thymoquinone and their antioxidant properties","volume":"15","author":"Armutcu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electron. J. General Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2012.01056.x","article-title":"Thymoquinone as an anticancer agent: evidence from inhibition of cancer cells viability and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo","volume":"27","author":"Attoub","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1139\/y97-169","article-title":"Thymoquinone ameliorates the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in rodents and potentiates its antitumor activity","volume":"75","author":"Badary","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can. J. Phys. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2015.275","article-title":"Potential of apoptotic pathway-targeted cancer therapeutic research: where do we stand?","volume":"7","author":"Baig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2010.509832","article-title":"Review on molecular and therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in cancer","volume":"62","author":"Banerjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.04.015","article-title":"The effects of thymoquinone on hippocampal cytokine level, brain oxidative stress status and memory deficits induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats","volume":"96","author":"Bargi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450118666170612095959","article-title":"Insights into the targeting potential of thymoquinone for therapeutic intervention against triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"19","author":"Barkat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30046-z","article-title":"Thymoquinone synergizes gemcitabine anti-breast cancer activity via modulating its apoptotic and autophagic activities","volume":"8","author":"Bashmail","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.2174\/156720111797635504","article-title":"Bioavailability enhancement strategies: basics, formulation approaches and regulatory considerations","volume":"8","author":"Beg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0120","series-title":"Plant and Human Health","first-page":"37","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Biological Uses of Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood)","author":"Bhat","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.08.018","article-title":"Thymoquinone prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria-induced apoptosis in a rat model of partial hepatic warm ischemia reperfusion","volume":"94","author":"Bouhlel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0130","first-page":"1","article-title":"Dissecting the potential roles of nigella sativa and its constituent thymoquinone on the prevention and on the progression of alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Cascella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22268","article-title":"Inhibition of NF-\u03baB and metastasis in irinotecan (CPT-11)-resistant LoVo colon cancer cells by thymoquinone via JNK and p38","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0140","first-page":"4987","article-title":"Thymoquinone reduces spinal cord injury by inhibiting inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis via PPAR-\u03b3 and PI3K\/Akt pathways","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Therap. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4010629","article-title":"Therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in glioblastoma treatment: Targeting major gliomagenesis signaling pathways","volume":"2018","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0150","first-page":"1055","article-title":"Enhanced cytotoxicity and apoptosis by thymoquinone in combination with zoledronic acid in hormone-and drug-resistant prostate cancer cell lines","volume":"19","author":"Dirican","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Buon"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-015-0895-7","article-title":"Chemopreventive and therapeutic potentials of thymoquinone in HepG2 cells: mechanistic perspectives","volume":"69","author":"ElKhoely","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-015-0391-0","article-title":"Enhancement of bioavailability and pharmacodynamic effects of thymoquinone via nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulation","volume":"17","author":"Elmowafy","year":"2016","journal-title":"AAPS Pharm. Sci. Tech."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0165","first-page":"857","article-title":"Thymoquinone extracted from black seed triggers apoptotic cell death in human colorectal cancer cells via a p53-dependent mechanism","volume":"25","author":"Gali-Muhtasib","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23123297","article-title":"Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of benzoxazoles derived from thymoquinone","volume":"23","author":"Glamo\u010dlija","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"656","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0175","first-page":"1","article-title":"Therapeutic potential and pharmaceutical development of thymoquinone: a multitargeted molecule of natural origin","volume":"8","author":"Goyal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0190","first-page":"1","article-title":"Thymoquinone induces telomere shortening, DNA damage and apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells","author":"Gurung","year":"2010","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33214-3","article-title":"Effects of Thymoquinone on radiation enteritis in mice","volume":"8","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i7.1171","article-title":"Thymoquinone suppresses migration of LoVo human colon cancer cells by reducing prostaglandin E2 induced COX-2 activation","volume":"23","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.06.159","article-title":"Thymoquinone: A novel strategy to combat cancer: a review","volume":"106","author":"Imran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-016-2697-y","article-title":"Novel anti-cancer agent myrtucommulone-A and thymoquinone abrogate epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition in cancer cells mainly through the inhibition of PI3K\/AKT signalling axis","volume":"416","author":"Iskender","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-9966-29-87","article-title":"Thymoquinone and cisplatin as a therapeutic combination in lung cancer: in vitro and in vivo","volume":"29","author":"Jafri","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Experimen. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2017.06.009","article-title":"Liposphere mediated topical delivery of thymoquinone in the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"13","author":"Jain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-018-4847-2","article-title":"Thymoquinone inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by regulating the elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K) signaling axis in triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"171","author":"Kabil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.03.088","article-title":"Oral bioavailability enhancement and hepatoprotective effects of thymoquinone by self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system","volume":"76","author":"Kalam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., C"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-005-0037-1","article-title":"The antioxidative and antihistaminic effect of Nigella sativa and its major constituent, thymoquinone on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage","volume":"80","author":"Kanter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297908070031","volume":"73","author":"Karamysheva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mechanisms of angiogenesis. Biochemistry (Moscow)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185374","article-title":"Thymoquinone ameliorates diabetic phenotype in Diet-Induced Obesity mice via activation of SIRT-1-dependent pathways","volume":"12","author":"Karandrea","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0250","series-title":"New Age Herbals","first-page":"437","article-title":"Medicinal plants as novel promising therapeutics for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration","author":"Kaur","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S109721","article-title":"Thymoquinone subdues tumor growth and potentiates the chemopreventive effect of 5-fluorouracil on the early stages of colorectal carcinogenesis in rats","volume":"10","author":"Kensara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Des. Develop. Therapy"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0260","first-page":"950","article-title":"Thymoquinone: an emerging natural drug with a wide range of medical applications","volume":"17","author":"Khader","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760600978815","article-title":"Nonenzymatic reduction of thymoquinone in physiological conditions","volume":"41","author":"Khalife","year":"2007","journal-title":"Free Radical Res."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19580","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3973","article-title":"Thymoquinone inhibits cancer metastasis by downregulating TWIST1 expression to reduce epithelial to mesenchymal transition","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51907","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17206","article-title":"Thymoquinone, as an anticancer molecule: from basic research to clinical investigation","volume":"8","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0280","first-page":"1443","article-title":"Thymoquinone inhibits metastatic phenotype and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal cell carcinoma by regulating the LKB1\/AMPK signaling pathway","volume":"40","author":"Kou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2014.05.003","article-title":"Mechanistic perspectives on cancer chemoprevention\/chemotherapeutic effects of thymoquinone","volume":"768","author":"Kundu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mutation Res.\/Fundamen. Mol. Mech. Mutagen."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(11)61647-8","article-title":"Thymoquinone attenuates tumor growth in ApcMin\/+ mice by induction of apoptosis","volume":"140","author":"Lang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00874.x","article-title":"Thymoquinone inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and chemosensitizes human multiple myeloma cells through suppression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation pathway","volume":"161","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22122105","article-title":"Thymoquinone inhibits the migration and invasive characteristics of cervical cancer cells SiHa and CaSki in vitro by targeting epithelial to mesenchymal transition associated transcription factors Twist1 and Zeb1","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.091744","article-title":"Cdks, cyclins and CKIs: roles beyond cell cycle regulation","volume":"140","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2014.957784","article-title":"Leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of Nigella sativa and its active principle, thymoquinone","volume":"53","author":"Mahmoudvand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2016.1277971","article-title":"Anti-cancer properties and mechanisms of action of thymoquinone, the major active ingredient of Nigella sativa","volume":"57","author":"Majdalawieh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15569543.2018.1514637","article-title":"An overview of in vivo toxicological profile of thymoquinone","author":"Mashayekhi-Sardoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxin Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2018.05.074","article-title":"Thymoquinone alters ionic currents and decreases \u03b2 adrenergic response in rat ventricle myocytes","volume":"120","author":"Mercan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"issue":"295","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0330","first-page":"1","article-title":"Thymoquinone as a potential adjuvant therapy for cancer treatment: Evidence from preclinical studies","volume":"8","author":"Mostofa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3394-x","article-title":"Thymoquinone pretreatment overcomes the insensitivity and potentiates the antitumor effect of gemcitabine through abrogation of Notch1, PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR regulated signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer","volume":"60","author":"Mu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0340","first-page":"260","article-title":"Oral administration of thymoquinone attenuates benzo (a) pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in male Swiss albino mice","volume":"6","author":"Nithya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2174\/2212798410666180221105503","article-title":"An overview of hepatoprotective effects of thymoquinone","volume":"9","author":"Noorbakhsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Food, Nut. Agri."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5905","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S114205","article-title":"Acute and subacute toxicity profiles of thymoquinone-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier in BALB\/c mice","volume":"11","author":"Ong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.202886","article-title":"The effects of thymoquinone and genistein treatment on telomerase activity, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and survival in thyroid cancer cell lines","volume":"14","author":"Ozturk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0360","first-page":"409","volume":"1","author":"Paarakh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nigella sativa Linn.\u2013A comprehensive review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bionut.2012.03.011","article-title":"Anti-angiogenic activity of thymoquinone by the down-regulation of VEGF using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model","volume":"2","author":"Paramasivam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomed. Prevent. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1482.187241","article-title":"Synergistic effect of temozolomide and thymoquinone on human glioblastoma multiforme cell line (U87MG)","volume":"14","author":"Pazhouhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cancer Res. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2012.2165","article-title":"Antitumor and anti-angiogenesis effects of thymoquinone on osteosarcoma through the NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"29","author":"Peng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0380","first-page":"707","article-title":"Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Nigella sativa: An experimental study","volume":"7","author":"Pise","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. J. Physiol. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.08.039","article-title":"Basic and therapeutic aspects of angiogenesis","volume":"146","author":"Potente","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.09.009","article-title":"Molecular targeting of Akt by thymoquinone promotes G1 arrest through translation inhibition of cyclin D1 and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells","volume":"93","author":"Rajput","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061342","article-title":"Targeted apoptotic effects of thymoquinone and tamoxifen on XIAP mediated Akt regulation in breast cancer","volume":"8","author":"Rajput","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.157","article-title":"Protective potential of thymoquinone against peroxynitrite induced modifications in histone H2A: in vitro studies","volume":"112","author":"Rasheed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X16666180911124605","article-title":"Neuroprotective strategies for neurological disorders by natural products: an update","volume":"17","author":"Rehman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/724658","article-title":"Therapeutic implications of black seed and its constituent thymoquinone in the prevention of cancer through inactivation and activation of molecular pathways","volume":"14","author":"Rahmani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Complemen. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0415","series-title":"Anticancer Plants: Natural Products and Biotechnological Implements","first-page":"109","article-title":"Medicinal Plants as a Potential Source of Chemopreventive Agents","author":"Roy","year":"2018"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115340","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115340","article-title":"Thymoquinone inhibits murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vivo and in vitro","volume":"9","author":"Salim","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0425","first-page":"785","article-title":"Insecticidal Activity of Thymoquinone and Related Compounds Against Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"54","author":"Scott","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.8b00014","article-title":"Advancing translational understanding for cancer and obesity therapy","volume":"1","author":"Sexton","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0435","series-title":"Natural Products: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, History","author":"Sicker","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.08.038","article-title":"Nanocarrier based formulation of Thymoquinone improves oral delivery: stability assessment, in vitro and in vivo studies","volume":"102","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2017.3.51","article-title":"Cuminum cyminum\u2013A popular spice: An updated review","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmaco. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0450","first-page":"124","article-title":"Thymoquinone enhanced the tumoricidal activity of NK Cells against Lung Cancer","volume":"200","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Assoc. Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0455","first-page":"297","article-title":"Cancer screening in the United States, 2018: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening","volume":"68","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"CA: A Cancer J. Clin."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.8015","article-title":"Lung cancer in never smokers: a review","volume":"25","author":"Subramanian","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0465","first-page":"1616","article-title":"An efficient encapsulation of thymoquinone using solid lipid nanoparticle for brain targeted drug delivery: physicochemical characterization, pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution studies","volume":"8","author":"Surekha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmac. Clin. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170404150351","article-title":"New drugs from old natural compounds: scarcely investigated sesquiterpenes as new possible therapeutic agents","volume":"25","author":"Sut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Current Med. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.2478\/s11532-012-0114-2","article-title":"Identification of potential sources of thymoquinone and related compounds in asteraceae, cupressaceae, lamiaceae, and ranunculaceae families","volume":"10","author":"Taborsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Chem."},{"issue":"1S","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0480","first-page":"40","article-title":"Molecular targets underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of thymoquinone in LPS activated BV-2 Cells","volume":"32","author":"Taka","year":"2018","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7460","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18077460","article-title":"Study on the potential toxicity of a thymoquinone-rich fraction nanoemulsion in Sprague Dawley rats","volume":"18","author":"Tubesha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030031","article-title":"Glioblastoma multiforme\u2014Treating a deadly tumor with both strands of RNA","volume":"3","author":"Weil","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3892\/etm_00000058","article-title":"Thymoquinone hydrazone derivatives cause cell cycle arrest in p53-competent colorectal cancer cells","volume":"1","author":"Wirries","year":"2010","journal-title":"Experimen. Therap. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75356","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075356","article-title":"Thymoquinone inhibits tumor growth and induces apoptosis in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model: the role of p38 MAPK and ROS","volume":"8","author":"Woo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.05.030","article-title":"Anticancer activity of thymoquinone in breast cancer cells: possible involvement of PPAR-\u03b3 pathway","volume":"82","author":"Woo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.09.029","article-title":"Thymoquinone: potential cure for inflammatory disorders and cancer","volume":"83","author":"Woo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0515","first-page":"910","article-title":"Anti-metastasis effect of thymoquinone on human pancreatic cancer","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Pharmac. Sinica"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2628-z","article-title":"Thymoquinone inhibits proliferation and invasion of human nonsmall-cell lung cancer cells via ERK pathway","volume":"36","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-08-0124","article-title":"Thymoquinone inhibits tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth through suppressing AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways","volume":"7","author":"Yi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0530","first-page":"20","article-title":"Gas chromatography, sensory analysis and electronic nose in the evaluation of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) artoma quality","volume":"56","author":"Zawirska-Wojtasiak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Herba Polonica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2018.06.013","article-title":"Thymoquinone induces apoptosis in bladder cancer cell via endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent mitochondrial pathway","volume":"292","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."}],"container-title":["Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1319016419301227?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1319016419301227?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T17:32:18Z","timestamp":1736184738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1319016419301227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1319016419301227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1319-0164"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1319-0164","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thymoquinone (2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone) as a chemopreventive\/anticancer agent: Chemistry and biological effects","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.09.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}