{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:36:48Z","timestamp":1791182208221,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1104537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Safety Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,5]],"date-time":"2005-03-05T12:11:39Z","timestamp":1110024699000},"page":"85-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["The relationship between protective and risk characteristics of acting and experienced workload, and musculoskeletal disorder cases among nurses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Simon S.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ash","family":"Genaidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Deddens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Sauter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01361.x","article-title":"Effort-reward imbalance and burnout among nurses","volume":"31","author":"Bakker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199101000-00001","article-title":"A prospective study of work perceptions and psychosocial factors affecting the report of back injury","volume":"16","author":"Bigos","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.1.68","article-title":"Two alternative job stress models and the risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"88","author":"Bosma","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Pubic Health"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib4","first-page":"25","article-title":"Exposure assessment strategies for work-related risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"25","author":"Burdorf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib5","first-page":"75","article-title":"Job demands and worker health","author":"Caplan","year":"1975","journal-title":"HEW Publication No. (NIOH)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib6","series-title":"Occupational biomechanics","author":"Chaffin","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib7","first-page":"306","article-title":"Prevalence of back pain among nurses","volume":"107","author":"Coggan","year":"1994","journal-title":"The New Zealand Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8325.1976.tb00325.x","article-title":"Occupational sources of stress: A review of the literature relating to coronary heart disease and mental ill health","volume":"49","author":"Cooper","year":"1976","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib9","series-title":"Stress","author":"Cox","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimation of prevalence ratios when PROC GENMOD does not converge","volume":"paper 270","author":"Deddens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc SUGI 28"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib11","series-title":"Theories of organizational stress","article-title":"Person-environment fit theory: Conceptual foundations, empirical evidence, and directions for future research","author":"Edwards","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s004200050320","article-title":"A LISREL analysis of work-related risk factors and health complaints in the nursing profession","volume":"71","author":"Engels","year":"1998","journal-title":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.53.9.636","article-title":"Work related risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in the nursing profession: Results of a questionnaire survey","volume":"53","author":"Engels","year":"1996","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib14","series-title":"The worker at work","author":"Fraser","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220210124076","article-title":"The fundamentals of work system compatibility theory: An integrated approach to optimization of human performance at work","volume":"3","author":"Genaidy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theoretical Issues of Ergonomics Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2000.11076471","article-title":"A classification system for characterization of physical and non-physical work factors","volume":"6","author":"Genaidy","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib17","series-title":"Fiting the task to the man. A textbook of occupational ergonomics","author":"Grandjean","year":"1988"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076546","article-title":"Development of the job diagnostic survey","volume":"60","author":"Hackman","year":"1975","journal-title":"The Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-5073(76)90016-7","article-title":"Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory","volume":"16","author":"Hackman","year":"1976","journal-title":"Organizational behavior and human performance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199705010-00001","article-title":"Back pain in the workplace. What you lift or how you lift matters far less than whether you lift or when","volume":"22","author":"Hadler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700250406","article-title":"Personal history, training, and worksite as predictors of back pain of nurses","volume":"25","author":"Harber","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib22","series-title":"Human productivity enhancement","first-page":"396","article-title":"Theory and measurement of human workload","volume":"vol. 1","author":"Hart","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib23","series-title":"Human mental workload","first-page":"139","article-title":"Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research","author":"Hart","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/37.1.66","article-title":"Low back injuries in nursing staff","volume":"37","author":"Heap","year":"1987","journal-title":"The Journal of the Society of Occupational Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3233\/OER-1998-1204","article-title":"A study of musculoskeletal strain experienced by nurses","volume":"1","author":"Hernandez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Occupational Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib26","first-page":"109","article-title":"One more time: How do you motivate employees?","author":"Herzberg","year":"1987","journal-title":"Harvard Business Review Sept-Oct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib27","series-title":"The motivation to work","author":"Herzberg","year":"1959"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib28","first-page":"27","article-title":"Exposure to job stress-A new psychometric instrument","volume":"14","author":"Hurrell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.10.1336","article-title":"Job strain, workplace social support, and cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of the Swedish Working population","volume":"78","author":"Johnson","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib30","series-title":"Applied multivariate statistical analyses","author":"Johnson","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1852","article-title":"Combined effects of job strain and social isolation on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in a random sample of the Swedish Male Working population","volume":"15","author":"Johnson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.54.9.681","article-title":"Musculoskeletal symptoms and job strain among nursing personnel: A study over a three-year period","volume":"54","author":"Josephson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib33","series-title":"Work and health","author":"Kahn","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2307\/2392498","article-title":"Job demands, job decision latitude and mental strain: Implications for job redesign","author":"Karasek","year":"1979","journal-title":"Administrative science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib35","unstructured":"Karasek, R.A. Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy work: Stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life. New York: BasicBooks, HarperCollins Publishers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.7.1069","article-title":"Biomechanical and social risk factors for low back pain at work","volume":"91","author":"Kerr","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7489(93)90031-O","article-title":"A longitudinal study of low back pain in student nurses","volume":"30","author":"Klaber Moffett","year":"1993","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(87)90010-X","article-title":"Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms","volume":"18","author":"Kuorinka","year":"1987","journal-title":"Applied Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01831630","article-title":"Occupational and individual factors related to musculoskeletal symptoms in five body regions among Swedish nursing personnel","volume":"68","author":"Lagerstrom","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib40","series-title":"Emotion and adaptation","author":"Lazarus","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.4770100308","article-title":"Low back pain in nurses: The relative importance of medical history, work factors, exercise and demographics","volume":"10","author":"Mandel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Research in Nursing and Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(93)90080-S","article-title":"RULA: A survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders","volume":"24","author":"McAtamney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Applied Ergonmics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib43","series-title":"Job analysis and applications","author":"McCormick","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib44","series-title":"The development and background of the position analysis questionnaire","author":"McCormick","year":"1969"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801153380307","article-title":"Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators","volume":"338","author":"McEwen","year":"1998","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib46","series-title":"Work environment scale manual","author":"Moos","year":"1981"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199202000-00012","article-title":"Isokinetic lifting strength and occupational injury. A prospective study","volume":"17","author":"Mostardi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139608964480","article-title":"Cognitive task analysis: Harmonizing tasks to human capacities","volume":"39","author":"Neerincx","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00378369","article-title":"Back pain and associated factors in French nurses","volume":"66","author":"Niedhammer","year":"1994","journal-title":"International Archives of Occupational Environmental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.42.020191.000411","article-title":"Organization development and transformation","volume":"42","author":"Porras","year":"1991","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib51","series-title":"Managerial attitudes and performance","author":"Porter","year":"1968"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1983.6313160","article-title":"Skills, rules, and knowledge; signals, signs, and symbols, and other distinctions in human performance models","volume":"SMD-13","author":"Rasmussen","year":"1983","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1139\/h93-008","article-title":"Fitness and lifestyle parameters fail to predict back injuries in nurses","volume":"18","author":"Ready","year":"1993","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib54","series-title":"Human mental workload","first-page":"185","article-title":"The subjective workload assessment technique: A scaling procedure for measuring mental workload","author":"Reid","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib55","series-title":"A new technique for job analysis","author":"Rohmert","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib56","series-title":"Improving performance: How to improve the white space on the organizational chart","author":"Rummler","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib57","series-title":"Human factors in engineering and design","author":"Sanders","year":"1987"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/146392200308462","article-title":"An adaptive control model for assessment of work-related musculoskeletal hazards and risks","volume":"1","author":"Shoaf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.1.1.27","article-title":"Adverse health effects of high-effort\/low-reward conditions","volume":"1","author":"Siegrist","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Health Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.52.3.160","article-title":"Manual handling activities and risk of low back pain in nurses","volume":"52","author":"Smedley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7089.1225","article-title":"Prospective cohort study of incident low back pain in nurses","volume":"314","author":"Smedley","year":"1997","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4375(88)90029-1","article-title":"Incidence of low back injuries among nursing personnel as a function of patient lifting frequency","volume":"19","author":"Stobbe","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.602","article-title":"Association between job stress and depression among Japanese employees threatened by job loss in a comparison between two complementary job-stress models","volume":"27","author":"Tsutsumi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment and Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib64","first-page":"820","article-title":"Personal and job-related factors as determinants of incidence of back injuries among nursing personnel","volume":"29","author":"Venning","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib65","series-title":"Work and motivation","author":"Vroom","year":"1964"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib66","first-page":"11","article-title":"Quality of working life: What is it?","volume":"15","author":"Walton","year":"1976","journal-title":"Sloan Management Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeung, S. S., Genaidy, A., Levin, L., in press. Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among Hong Kong nurses. Occupational Ergonomics, 4(3).","DOI":"10.3233\/OER-2004-4305"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200210010-00017","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in single and multiple body regions and effects of perceived risk of injury among manual handling workers","volume":"27","author":"Yeung","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Safety Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002243750500006X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002243750500006X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T13:31:44Z","timestamp":1625578304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002243750500006X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S002243750500006X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsr.2004.12.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4375","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,1]]}}}