{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T11:09:08Z","timestamp":1770980948666,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Safety Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]],"date-time":"2018-12-12T10:30:43Z","timestamp":1544610643000},"page":"157-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["What the research says about concussion risk factors and prevention strategies for youth sports: A scoping review of six commonly played sports"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Dana","family":"Waltzman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Sarmiento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092734","article-title":"Risk factors for sports concussion: An evidence-based systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Abrahams","year":"2014","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1236","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.197","article-title":"Age of first exposure to American football and long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Alosco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Translational Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/1364557032000119616","article-title":"Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework","volume":"8","author":"Arksey","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Research Methodology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095103","article-title":"Policy change eliminating body checking in non-elite ice hockey leads to a threefold reduction in injury and concussion risk in 11- and 12-year-old players","volume":"50","author":"Black","year":"2016","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.3.30","article-title":"Washington State's Lystedt law in concussion documentation in Seattle public high schools","volume":"49","author":"Bompadre","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-49.1.07","article-title":"National Athletic Trainers' Association position statement: management of sport concussion","volume":"49","author":"Broglio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0692","article-title":"Reducing injury risk from body checking in boys' youth ice hockey","volume":"133","author":"Brooks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967114528460","article-title":"Concussions from 9 youth organized sports: results from NEISS hospitals over an 11-year time frame, 2002\u20132012","volume":"2","author":"Buzas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mop.0000236385.26284.ec","article-title":"Sport-related concussion in the young athlete","volume":"18","author":"Buzzini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0544-7","article-title":"Minimizing head acceleration in soccer: a review of the literature","volume":"46","author":"Caccese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0055","series-title":"Atlanta","article-title":"The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance","author":"Centers for Disease, C., & Prevention","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-014-0355-2","article-title":"Neck strength: A protective factor reducing risk for concussion in high school sports","volume":"35","author":"Collins","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Primary Prevention"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.1062","article-title":"An evidence-based discussion of heading the ball and concussions in high school soccer","volume":"169","author":"Comstock","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000156","article-title":"Trends in sports- and recreation-related traumatic brain injuries treated in US emergency departments: the national electronic injury surveillance system-all injury program (NEISS-AIP) 2001-2012","volume":"30","author":"Coronado","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1419","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3282","article-title":"Tackling in youth football","volume":"136","author":"Council On Sports, M., & Fitness","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2012.00692.x","article-title":"Educating coaches about concussion in sports: Evaluation of the CDC's \"Heads up: Concussion in youth sports\" initiative","volume":"82","author":"Covassin","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of School Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0085","author":"DatalysCenter"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.037689","article-title":"The effect of protective headgear on head injuries and concussions in adolescent football (soccer) players","volume":"42","author":"Delaney","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2008.04.013","article-title":"Brain injury in sports","volume":"34","author":"Denke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Emergency Nursing"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101540","article-title":"Risk of injury associated with bodychecking experience among youth hockey players","volume":"183","author":"Emery","year":"2011","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.755","article-title":"Risk of injury associated with body checking among youth ice hockey players","volume":"303","author":"Emery","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1123\/pes.2013-0102","article-title":"The relationship between impact force, neck strength, and neurocognitive performance in soccer heading in adolescent females","volume":"26","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric Exercise Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301107","article-title":"Reducing traumatic brain injuries in youth sports: Youth sports traumatic brain injury state laws, January 2009-December 2012","volume":"103","author":"Harvey","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0120","author":"International Football Association Board"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-0770","article-title":"Impact locations and concussion outcomes in high school football player-to-player collisions","volume":"134","author":"Kerr","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967116648441","article-title":"Comparison of Indiana high school football injury rates by inclusion of the USA football \"heads up football\" player safety coach","volume":"4","author":"Kerr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115594578","article-title":"Comprehensive coach education and practice contact restriction guidelines result in lower injury rates in youth American football","volume":"3","author":"Kerr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516669701","article-title":"The effect of the \"zero tolerance for head contact\" rule change on the risk of concussions in youth ice hockey players","volume":"45","author":"Krolikowski","year":"2017","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513476265","article-title":"Video incident analysis of concussions in boys' high school lacrosse","volume":"41","author":"Lincoln","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5032","article-title":"Concussion mechanisms and activities in youth, high school, and college football","volume":"34","author":"Lynall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511435626","article-title":"Epidemiology of concussions among United States high school athletes in 20 sports","volume":"40","author":"Marar","year":"2012","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.19.2556","article-title":"Acute effects and recovery time following concussion in collegiate football players: The NCAA Concussion Study","volume":"290","author":"McCrea","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2013.03.002","article-title":"Consensus statement on Concussion in Sport - The 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012","volume":"14","author":"McCrory","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physical Therapy in Sport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport-the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"British Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514541926","article-title":"Protective equipment and player characteristics associated with the incidence of sport-related concussion in high school football players: A multifactorial prospective study","volume":"42","author":"McGuine","year":"2014","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2016.1149423","article-title":"Is heading in youth soccer dangerous play?","volume":"44","author":"O'Kane","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Physician and Sportsmedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4518","article-title":"Concussion among female middle-school soccer players","volume":"168","author":"O'Kane","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0190","first-page":"569","article-title":"Neurologic considerations for adolescent athletes","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adolescent Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.49082","article-title":"Physical inactivity: A cardiovascular risk factor","volume":"63","author":"Prasad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12552","article-title":"A scoping review to address the culture of concussion in youth and high school sports","volume":"87","author":"Sarmiento","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Journal of School Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2010.00491.x","article-title":"Evaluation of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's concussion initiative for high school coaches: \"Heads up: Concussion in high school sports\"","volume":"80","author":"Sarmiento","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of School Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-51.5.04","article-title":"Safe-play knowledge, aggression, and head-impact biomechanics in adolescent ice hockey players","volume":"51","author":"Schmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Athletic Training"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967113511588","article-title":"Altitude modulates concussion incidence: implications for optimizing brain compliance to prevent brain injury in athletes","volume":"1","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-14-00516","volume":"180","author":"Sports-related concussions in youth: improving the science, changing the culture","year":"2015","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0325-8","article-title":"Concussion recovery time among high school and collegiate athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0230","first-page":"e1","article-title":"New and recurrent concussions in high-school athletes before and after traumatic brain injury laws, 2005-2016","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508318047","article-title":"The epidemiology of United States high school soccer injuries, 2005-2007","volume":"36","author":"Yard","year":"2008","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sports Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Safety Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022437518305607?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022437518305607?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T05:06:00Z","timestamp":1552367160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022437518305607"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0022437518305607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4375","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"What the research says about concussion risk factors and prevention strategies for youth sports: A scoping review of six commonly played sports","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Safety Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsr.2018.11.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}