{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:46:28Z","timestamp":1784958388435,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007249","name":"University of Minnesota","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007249","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012452","name":"Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P004312501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P004312501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Safety Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T16:27:19Z","timestamp":1638203239000},"page":"67-77","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Risk factors for occupational injuries in schools among educators and support staff"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Schofield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Stroinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20475","article-title":"Occupational injury among cooks and food service workers in the healthcare sector","volume":"50","author":"Alamgir","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqn028","article-title":"Epidemiology of occupational injury among cleaners in the healthcare sector","volume":"58","author":"Alamgir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Occupational Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001347","article-title":"Risk of injury by unionization: Survival analysis of a large industrial cohort","volume":"60","author":"Altassan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.8.1.74","article-title":"Accidental outcomes: Attitudinal consequences of workplace injuries","volume":"8","author":"Barling","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Health Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2011.592605","article-title":"Risk of musculoskeletal injury among cleaners during vacuuming","volume":"55","author":"Bell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.labeco.2006.05.002","article-title":"Worker absence and shirking: Evidence from matched teacher-school data","volume":"14","author":"Bradley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Labour Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20185","article-title":"Age-related differences in work injuries: A multivariate, population-based study","volume":"48","author":"Breslin","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2005.021006","article-title":"Trial by fire: A multivariate examination of the relation between job tenure and work injuries","volume":"63","author":"Breslin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kql075","article-title":"Return to work after ill-health retirement in Scottish NHS staff and teachers","volume":"56","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Occupational Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.14507\/epaa.v10n32.2002","article-title":"Teacher absenteeism in urban schools","volume":"10","author":"Bruno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Education Policy Analysis Archives"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.9.1.28","article-title":"Gendered work conditions, health, and work outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Bond","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Health Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0065","first-page":"219","article-title":"Lay versus expert understandings of workplace risk in the food service industry: A multi-dimensional model with implications for participatory ergonomics","volume":"30","author":"Cann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22626","article-title":"Differences in the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among female and male custodians","volume":"59","author":"Cavallari","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2014.04.008","article-title":"Who pays for public employee health costs?","volume":"38","author":"Clemens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"issue":"640","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1177\/019263650408864004","article-title":"The forgotten side of school finance equity: The role of infrastructure funding in student success","volume":"88","author":"Crampton","year":"2004","journal-title":"NASSP Bulletin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1177\/0013124510380912","article-title":"Achieving resource equity within a single school district: Erasing the opportunity gap by examining school board decisions","volume":"44","author":"Darden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Education and Urban Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0090","series-title":"Data overview of youth worker death and injuries, United States","author":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0095","first-page":"324","article-title":"School facilities funding and capital-outlay distribution in the states","author":"Duncombe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Education Finance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0100","series-title":"21st Century School Fund","article-title":"Growth and disparity: A decade of US public school construction","author":"Filardo","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199808)34:2<105::AID-AJIM2>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Construction injury rates may exceed national estimates: Evidence from the construction of Denver International Airport","volume":"34","author":"Glazner","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/51.6.385","article-title":"Health and safety in the catering industry","volume":"51","author":"Gleeson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Occupational Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Green, D. R., Gerberich, S. G., Kim, H., Ryan, A. D., McGovern, P. M., Church, T. R., Schwartz, A. & Arauz, R. F. (2019). Occupational injury among janitors: Injury incidence, severity, and associated risk factors. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61(2), 153-161.","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001505"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqm001","article-title":"Ill-health retirement of schoolteachers in the Republic of Ireland","volume":"57","author":"Maguire","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occupational Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10225","article-title":"Be the fairest of them all: Challenges and recommendations for the treatment of gender in occupational health research","volume":"43","author":"Messing","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1139\/h04-041","article-title":"Physical exposures in work commonly done by women","volume":"29","author":"Messing","year":"2004","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3102\/0162373708318019","article-title":"Do teacher absences impact student achievement? Longitudinal evidence from one urban school district","volume":"30","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0140","unstructured":"Minnesota Department of Education. (2020, December 15). Staff automated reporting (STAR). https:\/\/mn.gov\/pelsb\/districts\/data-submissions\/star\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1177\/001979391306600104","article-title":"Coal mine safety: Do unions make a difference?","volume":"66","author":"Morantz","year":"2013","journal-title":"ILR Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10234","article-title":"The relationship of unions to prevalence and claim filing for work-related upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"44","author":"Morse","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2012.08.019","article-title":"Uncompensated consequences of workplace injuries and illness: Long-term disability and early termination","volume":"44","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200204150-00017","article-title":"Work-related outcomes in occupational low back pain: A multidimensional analysis","volume":"27","author":"Pransky","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0165","first-page":"113","article-title":"Musculoskeletal disorders in visual display unit work: Gender and work demands","volume":"14","author":"Punhett","year":"1999","journal-title":"Occupational Medicine-Philadelphia"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.04.019","article-title":"School resources, resource allocation, and risk of physical assault against Minnesota educators","volume":"42","author":"Sage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accident Analysis & Prevention"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2017-042472","article-title":"Student-inflicted injuries to staff in schools: Comparing risk between educators and non-educators","volume":"25","author":"Schofield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22817","article-title":"Early labor force exit subsequent to permanently impairing occupational injury or illness among workers 50\u201364 years of age","volume":"61","author":"Scott","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Industrial Medicine"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280110066280","article-title":"Early prognosis for low back disability: Intervention strategies for health care providers","volume":"23","author":"Shaw","year":"2001","journal-title":"Disability and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0066-4812.2006.00596.x","article-title":"Work design and the labouring body: Examining the impacts of work organization on Danish cleaners\u2019 health","volume":"38","author":"S\u00f8gaard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antipode"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2017.06.016","article-title":"Work-related injuries among commercial janitors in Washington State, comparisons by gender","volume":"62","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2012.09.006","article-title":"Workplace violence among Pennsylvania education workers: Differences among occupations","volume":"44","author":"Tiesman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130310001638171","article-title":"Gender differences in prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders","volume":"47","author":"Treaster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-007-0208-x","article-title":"Differences in physical workload, psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal disorders between two groups of female hospital cleaners with two diverse organizational models","volume":"81","author":"Unge","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0215","unstructured":"United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)a (2020, December 4). Occupational employment statistics, May 2018: NAICS 611100-educational services. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oes\/2018\/may\/naics4_611100.htm#00-0000."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0220","unstructured":"United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)b. (2020, December 4). Occupational employment statistics, May 2018: NAICS 611100-elementary and secondary schools. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oes\/2018\/may\/naics4_611100.htm#00-0000."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0225","unstructured":"United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)c. (2020, December 4). Occupational employment statistics, May 2018: NAICS 611100-elementary and secondary schools, local government owned https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oes\/2018\/may\/611100_3.htm#00-0000."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0230","unstructured":"United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). (2021, January 14). 2ndustry injury and illness data: summary table of incidence rates-detailed industry level-2009-2019. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/iif\/oshsum.htm#18Supplemental_News_Release_Tables."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130802524633","article-title":"Quantifying tasks, ergonomic exposures and injury rates among school custodial workers","volume":"52","author":"Village","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2012.12.005","article-title":"Work-related violence against educators in Minnesota: Rates and risks based on hours exposed","volume":"44","author":"Wei","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.90.5.1027","article-title":"Risk-taking orientation and injury among youth workers: Examining the social influence of supervisors, coworkers, and parents","volume":"90","author":"Westaby","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0250","first-page":"307","article-title":"Determining the negative effect of teacher attendance on student achievement","volume":"118","author":"Woods","year":"1997","journal-title":"Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2005.08.001","article-title":"Musculoskeletal ill health amongst cleaners and recommendations for work organisational change","volume":"36","author":"Woods","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0260","unstructured":"Workers\u2019 Compensation Insurance Organizations (WCIO). (2021, January 10). Injury description table- Part\/nature\/cause. https:\/\/www.wcio.org\/Document%20Library\/InjuryDescriptionTablePage.aspx."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0265","series-title":"Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry Compact","article-title":"Compfact: Indemnity claim patterns in k-12 schools","author":"Zaidmen","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.2307\/2531248","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes","volume":"42","author":"Zeger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.30.5.9","article-title":"Severe injury and the need for improved safety training among working teens","volume":"30","author":"Zierold","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Health Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.06.016","article-title":"Testing the effects of safety climate and disruptive children behavior on school bus drivers performance: A multilevel model","volume":"95","author":"Zohar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accident Analysis & Prevention"}],"container-title":["Journal of Safety Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022437521001468?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022437521001468?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T12:53:06Z","timestamp":1758372786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022437521001468"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0022437521001468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4375","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors for occupational injuries in schools among educators and support staff","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Safety Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.11.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}