{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T08:58:42Z","timestamp":1777625922900,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005217","name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R49CE003095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R49CE003095"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Safety Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T14:49:49Z","timestamp":1769784589000},"page":"357-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Examination of driver license renewal policies and older driver crash and injury rates by rurality"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8916-7285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara J.","family":"Hamann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5164-1241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2980-5518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilsu","family":"Pae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2306-2936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory H.","family":"Shill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8886-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Tefft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0514-7664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Cavanaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2013.854348","article-title":"A comparison of KABCO and AIS injury severity metrics using CODES linked data","volume":"15","author":"Burch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Traffic Injury Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0010","unstructured":"Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2025). Regional Economic Accounts. U.S. Department of Commerce. Accessed October 8, 2025, https:\/\/www.bea.gov\/regional\/index.htm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0015","unstructured":"Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2025). Local Area Unemployment Statistics. Accessed October 8, 2025, https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/lau\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2023.2278412","article-title":"A comparison of licensed driver counts from the Federal Highway Administration and driver licensing agencies in 11 states","volume":"25","author":"Evans","year":"2024","journal-title":"Traffic Injury Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106400","article-title":"Balancing safety on the road with risk from COVID-19: A content analysis of policy adaptations by Divisions of Motor Vehicles","volume":"162","author":"Feiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Accident; Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106400","article-title":"Balancing safety on the road with risk from COVID-19: A content analysis of policy adaptations by Divisions of Motor Vehicles","volume":"162","author":"Feiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"Accident Analysis & Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0035","unstructured":"Governor's Highway Safety Association. (2022). America's rural roads: Beautiful and deadly. https:\/\/www.ghsa.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2025-04\/rural_report.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-024-00555-9","article-title":"Impact of driver licensing renewal policies on older driver crash involvement and injury rates in 13 states, 2000\u20132019","volume":"12","author":"Hamann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Injury Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0045","unstructured":"IIHS. (2025). Fatality Facts 2022: Older People. Accessed April 22, 2025, https:\/\/www.iihs.org\/topics\/fatality-statistics\/detail\/older-people."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2021.04.007","article-title":"Identifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on driving behavior using naturalistic driving data and time series forecasting","volume":"78","author":"Katrakazas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0055","unstructured":"Kauffman, G. (2025). Facing disproportionate danger, rural communities take a grassroots approach to road safety. Rural Health Information Hub. Accessed June 6, 2025, https:\/\/www.ruralhealthinfo.org\/rural-monitor\/road-safety."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0060","unstructured":"Manson, S., Schroeder, J., & Riper, D., et al. (2023). Data from: IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 18.0 [dataset]. 2023. Minneapolis, MN. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.18128\/D050.V18.0."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-023-04106-7","article-title":"Challenges and opportunity in mobility among older adults - key determinant identification","volume":"23","author":"Maresova","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morrissey, S., Jeffs, S., & Gillings, R., et al. (2024). The impact of urban vs rural environments on driving in ageing. medRxiv. 2024.08.12.24310574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.08.12.24310574.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.12.24310574"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0075","unstructured":"National Center for Mobility Management. (2024). The role of transportation in addressing social isolation in older adults. Accessed May 23, 2024, https:\/\/nationalcenterformobilitymanagement.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/FINAL_CONDENSED_SOCIAL-ISOLATION-RESEARCH-PAPER.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0080","unstructured":"NHTSA. (2007). Traffic Safety Facts. Seat Belt Use in 2006 - Use Rates in the States and Territories. DOT HS 810 690."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0085","unstructured":"NHTSA. (2012). Traffic Safety Facts. Seat Belt Use in 2011 - Use Rates in the States and Territories. DOT HS 811 651."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0090","unstructured":"NHTSA. (2015). Traffic Safety Facts. Seat Belt Use in 2014 - Use Rates in the States and Territories. DOT HS 812 149."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0095","unstructured":"NHTSA. (2021). Traffic Safety Facts. Seat Belt Use in 2020 - Use Rates in the States and Territories. DOT HS 813 109."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0100","unstructured":"NHTSA. (2025). Traffic Safety Facts: Rural\/Urban Comparison of Motor Vehicle Fatalities, DOT HS 813 488. 202Accessed May 23, 2025, https:\/\/crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov\/Api\/Public\/ViewPublication\/813488.pdf."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0105","article-title":"Challenges for older drivers in urban, suburban, and rural settings","volume":"3","author":"Payyanadan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Geriatrics (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbaa070","article-title":"Driver license renewal laws and older adults' daily driving, United States, 2003-2017","volume":"75","author":"Shen","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2024.2361052","article-title":"Comparative analysis of injury identification using KABCO and ISS in linked North Carolina trauma registry and crash data","volume":"25","author":"Taylor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Traffic Injury Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0120","series-title":"Driver License Renewal Policies and Fatal Crash Involvement Rates of Older Drivers, United States, 1985\u20132011 (Technical Report)","author":"Tefft","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-014-0025-0","article-title":"Driver license renewal policies and fatal crash involvement rates of older drivers, United States, 1986-2011","volume":"1","author":"Tefft","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0130","unstructured":"U.S. Energey Information Administration. (2025). Petroleum and Other Liquids. Accessed October 8, 2025. https:\/\/www.eia.gov\/petroleum\/data.php."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0135","unstructured":"USAGov. (2025). State motor vehicle services. Accessed June 16, 2025, https:\/\/www.usa.gov\/state-motor-vehicle-services."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0140","unstructured":"USDA. (2025). Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes. Accessed October 23, 2025, https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/rural-urban-commuting-area-codes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0145","unstructured":"Weisner, L., Otto, H. D., & Adams, S. (2020). Issues in policing rural areas: A review of the literature."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009_b0150","unstructured":"WWAMI Rural Health Research Center. (2024). RUCA Data: Using RUCA Data. Accessed July 29, 2024, https:\/\/depts.washington.edu\/uwruca\/ruca-uses.php."}],"container-title":["Journal of Safety Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022437526000095?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022437526000095?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:16:22Z","timestamp":1777421782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022437526000095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0022437526000095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4375"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4375","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Examination of driver license renewal policies and older driver crash and injury rates by rurality","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Safety Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsr.2026.01.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}