{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T23:57:53Z","timestamp":1770508673256,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,1]],"date-time":"2012-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1330560000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,2]],"date-time":"2011-08-02T08:49:10Z","timestamp":1312274950000},"page":"21-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Microbiology of Smegma in Boys in Kano, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Lofty-John","family":"Chukwuemeka Anyanwu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Kashibu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chinagozi Precious","family":"Edwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aminu Mohammad","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)60164-2","article-title":"Human subpreputial collection: Its nature and formation","volume":"110","author":"Parkash","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Subpreputial wetness\u2026 its nature","volume":"18","author":"Parkash","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Nat Med Sci (India)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib3","first-page":"50","article-title":"How smegma serves the penis","volume":"37","author":"Wright","year":"1970","journal-title":"Sexology (New York)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01653.x","article-title":"The carcinogenicity of smegma: Debunking a myth","volume":"20","author":"Van Howe","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1034.x","article-title":"The prepuce","volume":"83","author":"Cold","year":"1999","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib6","first-page":"567","article-title":"Balanoposthitis associated with the presence of subpreputial \u201csmegma stones.\u201d","volume":"73","author":"Sonnex","year":"1997","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.63.5.556","article-title":"Circumcision and periurethral carriage of Proteus mirabilis in boys","volume":"63","author":"Glennon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.1996.11.4.332","article-title":"Prepucial condition and urinary tract infections","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib9","article-title":"Urinary tract infections in infants and children in developing countries in the context of IMCI","author":"Maclennan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Discussion papers on child health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib10","unstructured":"Wolff O, McLennan C. What is the appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in children in developing countries? International Child Health Review Collaboration 2007; available at: www.ichrc.org. Accessed March 18, 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.860","article-title":"The prepuce, urinary tract infections, and the consequences","volume":"105","author":"Wiswell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Paediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib12","series-title":"Cowan and Steel\u2019s manual for the identification of medical bacteria","author":"Barrow","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib13","series-title":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests. Approved standards M2-A5","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2005.276","article-title":"Is aerobic preputial flora age dependent?","volume":"58","author":"Agartan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.74.5.364","article-title":"Immunological functions of the human prepuce","volume":"74","author":"Fleiss","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sex Transm Inf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib16","first-page":"200","article-title":"Further fate of the foreskin. Incidence of preputial adhesions, phimosis and smegma among Danish school boys","volume":"48","author":"Osler","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Dis Childhood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-16-4-427","article-title":"The adhesins and fimbriae of Proteus mirabilis strains associated with high and low affinity for the urinary tract","volume":"16","author":"Adegbola","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib18","first-page":"165","article-title":"Organisms causing urinary tract infection in pediatric patients at Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria","volume":"4","author":"Abdulhadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Biomed Health Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/48.6.359","article-title":"Urinary tract infection in severely malnourish children at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital","volume":"48","author":"Rabasa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1179\/027249303235002198","article-title":"Urinary tract infection in febrile children with sickle cell anaemia in Ibadan, Nigeria","volume":"23","author":"Asinobi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1179\/000349803125002850","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in urinary tract infection in febrile under-5s at a children\u2019s emergency unit in Nigeria","volume":"23","author":"Musa-Aisien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/02724930216193","article-title":"Urinary tract pathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in children","volume":"22","author":"Wammanda","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.5.444","article-title":"Increasing antibiotic resistance among urinary tract isolates","volume":"88","author":"Ladhani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2182","article-title":"Staphylococcus epidermidis\u2014the \u201caccidental\u201d pathogen","volume":"7","author":"Otto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib25","unstructured":"Todar K. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus disease. Online textbook of microbiology. Available at: www.textbookofmicrobiology.net, accessed March 18, 2011."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib26","first-page":"120","article-title":"Obstetric and neonatal outcome among pregnant women with urinary tract infection (asymptomatic and symptomatic)","volume":"48","author":"Omoigberale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nigerian Med Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S347","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707607","article-title":"Plasmid encoded antibiotic resistance: Acquisition and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria","volume":"153","author":"Bennett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-12-199612150-00005","article-title":"Effectiveness of cloxacillin with and without gentamicin in short-term therapy for right sided Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis","volume":"125","author":"Ribera","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-5-49","article-title":"Cloxacillin versus vancomycin for presumed late onset sepsis in the neonatal intensive care unit and the impact upon outcome of coagulase negative Staphylococcal bacteraemia: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"Lawrence","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Paediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/35086581","article-title":"Natural conjugative plasmids induce bacterial biofilm development","volume":"412","author":"Ghigo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00042307-200301000-00010","article-title":"Urinary tract infection in children","volume":"13","author":"Riccabona","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-16-4-433","article-title":"Distribution and transferability of plasmids in trimethoprim resistant urinary tract Escherichia coli","volume":"16","author":"Kraft","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.4.843","article-title":"American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Quality Improvement, Subcommittee on Urinary Tract Infection. Practice parameter: The diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of the initial urinary tract infection in febrile infants and young children","volume":"103","year":"1999","journal-title":"Paediatrics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480411004343?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480411004343?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,9]],"date-time":"2024-04-09T13:13:25Z","timestamp":1712668405000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022480411004343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022480411004343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2011.04.057","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4804","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}}}