{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T10:04:18Z","timestamp":1784369058577,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsurgicalresearch.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T02:08:33Z","timestamp":1613527713000},"page":"197-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Isolated Thoracic Injury Patients With Rib Fractures Undergoing Rib Fixation Have Improved Mortality"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Eric O.","family":"Yeates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areg","family":"Grigorian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffry","family":"Nahmias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Dolich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alliya","family":"Qazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian D.","family":"Schubl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199412000-00018","article-title":"The morbidity and mortality of rib fractures","volume":"37","author":"Ziegler","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2005.07.022","article-title":"Half-a-dozen ribs: the breakpoint for mortality","volume":"138","author":"Flagel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(02)01894-X","article-title":"Morbidity from rib fractures increases after age 45","volume":"196","author":"Holcomb","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001648","article-title":"Quantifying and exploring the recent national increase in surgical stabilization of rib fractures","volume":"83","author":"Kane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001350","article-title":"Operative fixation of rib fractures after blunt trauma: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma","volume":"82","author":"Kasotakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.11.026","article-title":"Consensus statement: surgical stabilization of rib fractures rib fracture colloquium clinical practice guidelines","volume":"48","author":"Pieracci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2019.04.109","article-title":"The ideal methods for the management of rib fractures","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2016.08.009","article-title":"Rib fracture fixation: indications and outcomes","volume":"33","author":"Senekjian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.12.024","article-title":"Prospective randomized controlled trial of operative rib fixation in traumatic flail chest","volume":"216","author":"Marasco","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1510\/icvts.2005.111807","article-title":"Surgical versus conservative treatment of flail chest. Evaluation of the pulmonary status","volume":"4","author":"Granetzny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib11","first-page":"727","article-title":"Surgical stabilization of internal pneumatic stabilization? A prospective randomized study of management of severe flail chest patients","volume":"52","author":"Tanaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002559","article-title":"A multicenter, prospective, controlled clinical trial of surgical stabilization of rib fractures in patients with severe, nonflail fracture patterns (Chest Wall Injury Society NONFLAIL)","volume":"88","author":"Pieracci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B8.37282","article-title":"Management of rib fractures in traumatic flail chest: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"98","author":"Coughlin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-018-1020-x","article-title":"Fixation of flail chest or multiple rib fractures: current evidence and how to proceed. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Beks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000750","article-title":"Operative treatment of rib fractures in flail chest injuries: a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"31","author":"Swart","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3182895bb0","article-title":"Operative management of rib fractures in the setting of flail chest: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"258","author":"Leinicke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2012.10.010","article-title":"Surgical fixation vs nonoperative management of flail chest: a meta-analysis","volume":"216","author":"Slobogean","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivr028","article-title":"Does surgical stabilization improve outcomes in patients with isolated multiple distracted and painful non-flail rib fractures?","volume":"14","author":"Girsowicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.01215","article-title":"Early surgical stabilization of complex chest wall injuries improves short-term patient outcomes","volume":"100","author":"Iqbal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib22","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in patients with rib fractures","author":"Marini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.06.002","article-title":"Risk factors for 24-hour mortality after traumatic rib fractures owing to motor vehicle accidents: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"88","author":"Lien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2004.07.061","article-title":"Mortality after rib fracture: a population-based analysis","volume":"121","author":"Brasel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013029","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013029","article-title":"Risk of pneumonia in patients with isolated minor rib fractures: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"7","author":"Ho","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01152-y","article-title":"Smoking is associated with an improved short-term outcome in patients with rib fractures","volume":"46","author":"Grigorian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481908501127","article-title":"Rib fractures and mortality: breaking the causal relationship","volume":"85","author":"Bankhead-Kendall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.03.011","article-title":"Outcomes after rib fractures in geriatric blunt trauma patients","volume":"215","author":"Barry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50110.x","article-title":"Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Rapid resting heart rate: a simple and powerful predictor of osteoporotic fractures and mortality in older women","volume":"50","author":"Kado","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R63","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5934","article-title":"Red blood cell transfusions and the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome among the critically ill: a cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Zilberberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001729","article-title":"A multicenter evaluation of the optimal timing of surgical stabilization of rib fractures","volume":"84","author":"Pieracci","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib32","first-page":"572","article-title":"Rib fractures in trauma patients: does operative fixation improve outcome?","volume":"22","author":"Majak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001330","article-title":"Outcome analysis of surgical stabilization of rib fractures in trauma patients","volume":"33","author":"Fokin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2015.11.014","article-title":"Open reduction and internal fixation of rib fractures in polytrauma patients with flail chest","volume":"211","author":"DeFreest","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.000515","article-title":"No benefit to surgical fixation of flail chest injuries compared with modern comprehensive management: results of a retrospective cohort study","volume":"59","author":"Farquhar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000992","article-title":"Operative stabilization of flail chest injuries reduces mortality to that of stable chest wall injuries","volume":"32","author":"Dehghan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480421000433?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480421000433?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T14:53:42Z","timestamp":1758380022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022480421000433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0022480421000433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4804","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Isolated Thoracic Injury Patients With Rib Fractures Undergoing Rib Fixation Have Improved Mortality","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Surgical Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2021.01.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}