{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:01:49Z","timestamp":1780635709706,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsurgicalresearch.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T01:00:40Z","timestamp":1761181240000},"page":"606-614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Risk Factors for Delirium in Trauma Elderly Patients: An Analysis Using the National Trauma Data Bank From 2021 to 2022: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"315","author":[{"given":"Jose Euberto","family":"Mendez Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis J.","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Seger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","article-title":"Delirium in elderly people","volume":"383","author":"Inouye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00073.x","article-title":"Does delirium contribute to poor hospital outcomes?: a three-site epidemiologic study","volume":"13","author":"Inouye","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00815.x","article-title":"Older adults discharged from the hospital with delirium: 1-year outcomes","volume":"54","author":"McAvay","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12262","article-title":"The economic cost of delirium: a systematic review and quality assessment","volume":"17","author":"Kinchin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02092.x","article-title":"Persistent delirium predicts greater mortality","volume":"57","author":"Kiely","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.055335","article-title":"Dementia in the acute hospital: prospective cohort study of prevalence and mortality","volume":"195","author":"Sampson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004641","article-title":"American society for enhanced recovery and perioperative quality initiative joint consensus statement on postoperative delirium prevention","volume":"130","author":"Hughes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2009.24","article-title":"Delirium in elderly adults: diagnosis, prevention and treatment","volume":"5","author":"Fong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430050035004","article-title":"Postoperative delirium: a review of 80 primary data-collection studies","volume":"155","author":"Dyer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-010-0911-7","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"24","author":"Tei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib11","series-title":"An aging nation: the older population in the United States","author":"Ortman","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib12","series-title":"National trauma data standard (NTDS) data dictionary 2022","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610291000625","article-title":"Epidemiology of delirium: an overview of research issues and findings","volume":"3","author":"Levkoff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2012.07.003","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for delirium across hospital settings","volume":"26","author":"Vasilevskis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50210.x","article-title":"Delirium severity and psychomotor types: their relationship with outcomes after hip fracture repair","volume":"50","author":"Marcantonio","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03440080075027","article-title":"A prospective study of delirium in hospitalized elderly","volume":"263","author":"Francis","year":"1990","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-021-01603-5","article-title":"Delirium in trauma patients: a 1-year prospective cohort study of 2026 patients","volume":"48","author":"Marquetand","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1182","article-title":"Does this patient have delirium?: value of bedside instruments","volume":"304","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00047.x","article-title":"Delirium risk factors in elderly hospitalized patients","volume":"13","author":"Elie","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2008.07.037","article-title":"Risk factors for delirium after major trauma","volume":"196","author":"Angles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2002.50468.x","article-title":"Delirium superimposed on dementia: a systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Fick","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17465","article-title":"A framework of social determinants of health for delirium tailored to older adults","volume":"70","author":"Arias","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00869.x","article-title":"For the HELP dissemination project. Dissemination of the hospital elder life program: implementation, adaptation, and successes","volume":"54","author":"Inouye","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.7779","article-title":"Effectiveness of multicomponent nonpharmacological delirium interventions: a meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Hshieh","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib25","series-title":"A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients","author":"Inouye","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2011.05.004","article-title":"Modified hospital elder life program: effects on abdominal surgery patients","volume":"213","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs060","article-title":"Preventing delirium in an acute hospital using a non-pharmacological intervention","volume":"41","author":"Martinez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069_bib28","article-title":"Confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) for the diagnosis of delirium in adults in critical care settings","volume":"2023","author":"Miranda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480425006390?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480425006390?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T04:27:06Z","timestamp":1780633626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022480425006390"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0022480425006390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4804","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk Factors for Delirium in Trauma Elderly Patients: An Analysis Using the National Trauma Data Bank From 2021 to 2022: A Retrospective Cohort Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Surgical Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2025.09.069","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}