{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:03:46Z","timestamp":1777626226418,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,24]],"date-time":"2026-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798070400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":357,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 CA229102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA229102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1L60CA294405-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1L60CA294405-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsurgicalresearch.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T17:38:06Z","timestamp":1766597886000},"page":"500-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Racial Disparities in Chemotherapy Response in Pancreatic Cancer: A Landmark Survival Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"317","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5772-2918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. Kerrick","family":"Akinola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandler","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Smita","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Bart","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4481-5549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Gillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.275776.115","article-title":"Genetics and biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Ying","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2022.6709","article-title":"Socioeconomic and geographic disparities in the referral and treatment of pancreatic cancer at high-volume centers","volume":"158","author":"Sutton","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4943","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1750","article-title":"Trends in treatment and survival of patients with nonresected, nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer: a population-based study","volume":"7","author":"van der Geest","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1200\/OP.22.00328","article-title":"Pancreatic adenocarcinoma management","volume":"19","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCO Oncol Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-014-9668-x","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer in the USA: persistence of undertreatment and poor outcome","volume":"46","author":"Enewold","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1277","article-title":"Disparities in cancer outcomes across age, sex, and race\/ethnicity among patients with pancreatic cancer","volume":"7","author":"Nipp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.21037\/jgo-20-39","article-title":"Investigating disparities: the effect of social environment on pancreatic cancer survival in metastatic patients","volume":"11","author":"Madnick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-018-6487-5","article-title":"Health disparities impact expected treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma nationally","volume":"25","author":"Lutfi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib10","first-page":"622","article-title":"Systematic review of the predictors of health service use in pancreatic cancer","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2022.04.004","article-title":"Does race affect the long-term survival benefit of systemic therapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma?","volume":"224","author":"Irfan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.4251\/wjgo.v14.i6.1175","article-title":"Characterizing the patient experience during neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a qualitative study","volume":"14","author":"Stevens","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005878","article-title":"Effects of a Pragmatic Home-based Exercise Program concurrent with neoadjuvant therapy on physical function of patients with pancreatic cancer: the PancFit randomized clinical trial","volume":"278","author":"Ngo-Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005925","article-title":"Neoadjuvant chemotherapy versus upfront surgery for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: an updated nationwide Study","volume":"279","author":"Sugawara","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-11202-8","volume":"29","author":"Hill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2524.2004.00507.x","article-title":"Why ethnic minority groups are under-represented in clinical trials: a review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Hussain-Gambles","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3929","DOI":"10.2217\/fon-2021-1583","article-title":"Adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment patterns among resectable pancreatic cancer patients in the USA","volume":"18","author":"Chase","year":"2022","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.26859","article-title":"Differences in receipt of multimodality therapy by race, insurance status, and socioeconomic disadvantage in patients with resected pancreatic cancer","volume":"126","author":"Hao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib20","first-page":"164","article-title":"Review of genetic and pharmacogenetic differences in cytotoxic and targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer in African Americans","volume":"115","author":"Telisnor","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-009-0656-5","article-title":"Racial differences in cancer specialist consultation, treatment, and outcomes for locoregional pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14033-8","article-title":"Did Medicaid expansion close African american-white health care disparities nationwide? A scoping review","volume":"22","author":"Snowden","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.04.004","article-title":"Association of Medicaid expansion with access to thyroidectomy for benign disease at high-volume centers","volume":"176","author":"Manzella","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surgery"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480425007838?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480425007838?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:25:33Z","timestamp":1777422333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022480425007838"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["S0022480425007838"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4804","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Racial Disparities in Chemotherapy Response in Pancreatic Cancer: A Landmark Survival Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Surgical Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2025.11.051","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}