{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T04:27:24Z","timestamp":1786681644692,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016238","name":"Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016238","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsurgicalresearch.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T03:22:41Z","timestamp":1774408961000},"page":"143-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exercise and Sedentary Behavior Do Not Alter Lung or Liver Metastases in a Murine Colon Cancer Model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"321","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1913-483X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mylena D.","family":"Bos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra S.L.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. Helge","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Bockhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank A.E.","family":"Kruyt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joost M.","family":"Klaase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik J.H.","family":"Hoogwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten W.","family":"Nijkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001937","article-title":"Physical activity in cancer prevention and survival: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"McTiernan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/1878-0261.12772","article-title":"Physical activity, obesity and sedentary behavior in cancer etiology: epidemiologic evidence and biologic mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Friedenreich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080123","article-title":"Exercise training in transgenic mice is associated with attenuation of early breast cancer growth in a dose-dependent manner","volume":"8","author":"Goh","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3302","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28878","article-title":"Exercise-induced lung cancer regression: mechanistic findings from a mouse model","volume":"120","author":"Higgins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.01.011","article-title":"Voluntary running suppresses tumor growth through Epinephrine- and IL-6-Dependent NK cell mobilization and redistribution","volume":"23","author":"Pedersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47217-2","article-title":"Aerobic exercise training mitigates tumor growth and cancer-induced splenomegaly through modulation of non-platelet platelet factor 4 expression","volume":"13","author":"Tobias","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2008-7732","article-title":"Regular voluntary running is associated with increased tumor vascularization and immune cell infiltration and decreased tumor growth in mice","volume":"44","author":"Esteves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxx007","article-title":"The impact of exercise on cancer mortality, recurrence, and treatment-related adverse effects","volume":"39","author":"Cormie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkz080","article-title":"Physical activity and mortality in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Friedenreich","year":"2020","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e457","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30411-4","article-title":"Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet, and cancer: an update and emerging new evidence","volume":"18","author":"Kerr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-019-0263-4","article-title":"The influence of sedentary behavior on cancer risk: Epidemiologic evidence and potential molecular mechanisms","volume":"8","author":"Jochem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-022-00873-6","article-title":"Sedentary behavior and cancer-an umbrella review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Hermelink","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","article-title":"World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour","volume":"54","author":"Bull","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.09.015","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms linking exercise to cancer prevention and treatment","volume":"27","author":"Hojman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6365","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4169","article-title":"The antitumor mechanisms of aerobic exercise: a review of recent preclinical studies","volume":"10","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1308-3476","article-title":"Role of regular physical exercise in tumor vasculature: favorable modulator of tumor milieu","volume":"42","author":"Esteves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4032","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-16-0887","article-title":"Efficacy and mechanisms of aerobic exercise on cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis: a critical systematic review of in vivo preclinical data","volume":"76","author":"Ashcraft","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-020-09851-4","article-title":"Physical exercise effects on metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis in animal cancer models","volume":"39","author":"Rincon-Castanedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021055","article-title":"Tissue distribution of radiolabelled tumor cells in wheel exercised and sedentary mice","volume":"15","author":"Hoffmann-Goetz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4164","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-22-0237","article-title":"An exercise-induced metabolic shield in distant organs blocks cancer progression and metastatic dissemination","volume":"82","author":"Sheinboim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib21","first-page":"3337","article-title":"Effects of non-motorized voluntary running on experimental and spontaneous metastasis in mice","volume":"31","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12225","article-title":"Effects of exercise training on breast cancer metastasis in a rat model","volume":"98","author":"Alvarado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4122","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.484","article-title":"Moderate swimming suppressed the growth and metastasis of the transplanted liver cancer in mice model: with reference to nervous system","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib24","first-page":"1926","article-title":"Breast cancer pulmonary metastasis is increased in mice undertaking spontaneous physical training in the running wheel; a call for revising beneficial effects of exercise on cancer progression","volume":"7","author":"Smeda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211063","article-title":"Towards large scale automated cage monitoring - diurnal rhythm and impact of interventions on in-cage activity of C57BL\/6J mice recorded 24\/7 with a non-disrupting capacitive-based technique","volume":"14","author":"Pernold","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2004.05.021","article-title":"Validation of bioluminescence imaging of colorectal liver metastases in the mouse","volume":"122","author":"Smakman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.057547","article-title":"Antitumor effect of a splenic injection of 5-fluorouracil on metastatic liver cancer in mice","volume":"308","author":"Kanoh","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21371","article-title":"Attenuated liver tumor formation in the absence of CCR2 with a concomitant reduction in the accumulation of hepatic stellate cells, macrophages and neovascularization","volume":"118","author":"Yang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605078","article-title":"Organ-specific inhibition of metastatic colon carcinoma by CXCR3 antagonism","volume":"100","author":"Cambien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237096","article-title":"RandoMice, a novel, user-friendly randomization tool in animal research","volume":"15","author":"van Eenige","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1321","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.279.4.R1321","article-title":"Treadmill running produces both positive and negative physiological adaptations in Sprague-Dawley rats","volume":"279","author":"Moraska","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2016.09.002","article-title":"Forced treadmill exercise can induce stress and increase neuronal damage in a mouse model of global cerebral ischemia","volume":"5","author":"Svensson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.01.013","article-title":"Chronic stress increases metastasis via neutrophil-mediated changes to the microenvironment","volume":"42","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00221","article-title":"Inducing physical inactivity in mice: preventing climbing and reducing cage size negatively affect physical fitness and body composition","volume":"13","author":"Roemers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-01221-1","article-title":"Novel sedentary cage induced sedentariness in rats: evidence from relevant biomarkers","volume":"22","author":"Alabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e167371","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI167371","article-title":"Sedentary behavior in mice induces metabolic inflexibility by suppressing skeletal muscle pyruvate metabolism","volume":"134","author":"Siripoksup","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13092053","article-title":"The role of tumor microenvironment in cancer metastasis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities","volume":"13","author":"Neophytou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2023.02.016","article-title":"The evolving tumor microenvironment: from cancer initiation to metastatic outgrowth","volume":"41","author":"de Visser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03351-7","article-title":"Tumor angiogenesis: causes, consequences, challenges and opportunities","volume":"77","author":"Lugano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2016.05.006","article-title":"Hypoxia: signaling the metastatic Cascade","volume":"2","author":"Rankin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01332-8","article-title":"Hypoxic microenvironment in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65429","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.11748","article-title":"Tumor vessel normalization after aerobic exercise enhances chemotherapeutic efficacy","volume":"7","author":"Schadler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59996","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59996","article-title":"Cytotoxic T-cells mediate exercise-induced reductions in tumor growth","volume":"9","author":"Rundqvist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110121","article-title":"Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training improves CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes effector function by reducing mitochondrial loss","volume":"27","author":"Voltarelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204875","article-title":"Effects of exercise on circulating tumor cells among patients with resected stage I-III colon cancer","volume":"13","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.17162","article-title":"Positive prehabilitative effect of intense treadmill exercise for ameliorating cancer Cachexia symptoms in a mouse model","volume":"7","author":"Jee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/rco2.51","article-title":"Voluntary exercise influences metastatic organotropism in a murine colorectal cancer model","volume":"5","author":"Wijler","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCSM Rapid Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-007-9758-0","article-title":"Ageing and hepatic steatosis exacerbate ischemia\/reperfusion-accelerated outgrowth of colorectal micrometastases","volume":"15","author":"van der Bilt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-020-0913-8","article-title":"The role of sex in the innate and adaptive immune environment of metastatic colorectal cancer","volume":"123","author":"Ray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.986103","article-title":"An analysis of sexual dimorphism in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer","volume":"12","author":"Geddes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5539","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14155539","article-title":"Sex differences in colorectal cancer: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical outcomes","volume":"14","author":"Tsokkou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.037","article-title":"Emerging biological principles of metastasis","volume":"168","author":"Lambert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-022-00721-2","article-title":"Humanized mouse models for immuno-oncology research","volume":"20","author":"Chuprin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023_bib54","article-title":"The development and improvement of immunodeficient mice and humanized immune system mouse models","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480426000910?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480426000910?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T03:36:48Z","timestamp":1786678608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022480426000910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0022480426000910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4804","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exercise and Sedentary Behavior Do Not Alter Lung or Liver Metastases in a Murine Colon Cancer Model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Surgical Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2026.02.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}