{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:48:14Z","timestamp":1782521294960,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011747","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011747","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016304","name":"Medtronic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsurgicalresearch.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T13:15:24Z","timestamp":1776863724000},"page":"441-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Extending the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model to Support Observational Peripheral Vascular Disease Research"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"322","author":[{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Leese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"McIntee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2109-0434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sydney E.","family":"Browder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjami","family":"Laivuori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olamide","family":"Alabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0706-159X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine L.","family":"McGinigle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.179","article-title":"Peripheral artery disease: epidemiology and global perspectives","volume":"14","author":"Fowkes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303849","article-title":"Epidemiology of peripheral artery disease","volume":"116","author":"Criqui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.02.016","article-title":"Global vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia","volume":"69","author":"Conte","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.07.104","article-title":"The need for improved risk stratification in chronic critical limb ischemia","volume":"60","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040672","article-title":"Microvascular disease, peripheral artery disease, and amputation","volume":"140","author":"Beckman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.11.008","article-title":"2016 AHA\/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"69","author":"Gerhard-Herman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2023.08.005","article-title":"Balancing evidence-based care with patient-centered individualized care","volume":"11","author":"Freeman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2021.06.480","article-title":"Persistent under-representation of female patients in United States trials of common vascular diseases from 2008 to 2020","volume":"75","author":"Mayor","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib9","article-title":"Use of EHRs data for clinical research: historical progress and current applications","volume":"3","author":"Nordo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Learn Health Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000376","article-title":"Validation of a common data model for active safety surveillance research","volume":"19","author":"Overhage","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biodatasci-122120-104825","article-title":"The all of us data and research center - creating a secure, scalable, and sustainable ecosystem for biomedical research","volume":"6","author":"Mayo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103253","article-title":"Facilitating phenotype transfer using a common data model","volume":"96","author":"Hripcsak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocac203","article-title":"Transforming and evaluating the UK biobank to the OMOP common data model for COVID-19 research and beyond","volume":"30","author":"Papez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocae277","article-title":"Learning health system linchpins: information exchange and a common data model","volume":"32","author":"Eisman","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-018-1076-5","article-title":"Analysis of treatment pathways for three chronic diseases using OMOP CDM","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib16","first-page":"1533","article-title":"Breaking data silos: incorporating the DICOM imaging standard into the OMOP CDM to enable multimodal research","volume":"32","author":"Park","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.09.009","article-title":"Observational health data science and informatics and hand surgery research: past, present, and future","volume":"50","author":"Hum","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib18","first-page":"138","article-title":"Adaption of the OMOP CDM for rare diseases","volume":"281","author":"Zoch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1200\/CCI.20.00079","article-title":"Extending the OMOP common data model and standardized vocabularies to support observational cancer research","volume":"5","author":"Belenkaya","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCO Clin Cancer Inform"},{"issue":"Suppl l","key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S74","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2022.63.S74","article-title":"Development and validation of the Radiology Common Data Model (R-CDM) for the international standardization of medical imaging data","volume":"63","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaa196","article-title":"The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C): rationale, design, infrastructure, and deployment","volume":"28","author":"Haendel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocae299","article-title":"National COVID Cohort Collaborative data enhancements: a path for expanding common data models","volume":"32","author":"Walters","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/15199","article-title":"Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) as a Meta model to integrate common data models: development of a tool and quantitative validation study","volume":"7","author":"Pfaff","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-00827-5","article-title":"Identifying commonalities and differences between EHR representations of PASC and ME\/CFS in the RECOVER EHR cohort","volume":"5","author":"Powers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2914","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38388-7","article-title":"Long COVID risk and pre-COVID vaccination in an EHR-based cohort study from the RECOVER program","volume":"14","author":"Brannock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocad057","article-title":"Clinical encounter heterogeneity and methods for resolving in networked EHR data: a study from N3C and RECOVER programs","volume":"30","author":"Leese","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E36","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v44i2.36354","article-title":"Validation of diagnosis and procedure codes for revascularization for peripheral artery disease in Ontario administrative databases","volume":"44","author":"Jacob-Brassard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Investig Med Med Clin Exp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.01.056","article-title":"Evaluation of medicare claims data to ascertain peripheral vascular events in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative","volume":"60","author":"Mell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/18542","article-title":"Model-based algorithms for detecting peripheral artery disease using administrative data from an electronic health record data system: algorithm development study","volume":"8","author":"Weissler","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-17180-5","article-title":"Performance and usability testing of an automated tool for detection of peripheral artery disease using electronic health records","volume":"12","author":"Ghanzouri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e349","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2013-001827","article-title":"Billing code algorithms to identify cases of peripheral artery disease from administrative data","volume":"20","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaf060","article-title":"Recovering missing electronic health record mortality data with a machine learning-enhanced data linkage process","volume":"32","author":"Powers","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib35","author":"Viernes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib36","series-title":"Charleson comorbidity in OMOP: an N3C RECOVER Study","author":"Leese","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib37","author":"Fortin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83","article-title":"Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data","volume":"43","author":"Quan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib39","article-title":"Epidemiologic method review at scale: assessing charlson comorbidity versioning using a LLM","volume":"25","author":"Fuchs","year":"2025","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01581-7","article-title":"A scoping review of OMOP CDM adoption for cancer research using real world data","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480426002003?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480426002003?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T00:36:04Z","timestamp":1782520564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022480426002003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0022480426002003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4804","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Extending the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model to Support Observational Peripheral Vascular Disease Research","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Surgical Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2026.03.089","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}