{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:43:02Z","timestamp":1792683782183,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofsurgicalresearch.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T09:44:31Z","timestamp":1783503871000},"page":"126-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Preoperative Conversion Risk Score for Acute Calculous Cholecystitis: Does TG18 Add Value?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"326","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9476-1817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahman","family":"\u015eenocak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"\u00d6zkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eahin","family":"Kaymak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6mer","family":"K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Ka\u011fan","family":"Co\u015fkun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.515","article-title":"Tokyo guidelines 2018: diagnostic criteria and severity grading of acute cholecystitis (with videos)","volume":"25","author":"Yokoe","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2017.07.029","article-title":"Risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery: a systematic literature review of 30 studies","volume":"214","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-016-0111-4","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis: a retrospective study assessing risk factors for conversion and complications","volume":"11","author":"Terho","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20010408","article-title":"Preoperative risk factors for conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Magnano San Lio","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib5","first-page":"e47774","article-title":"Preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy: a systematic review of 30 Studies","volume":"15","author":"Chin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/SLE.0b013e31826d7fb0","article-title":"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis: C-reactive protein level combined with age predicts conversion","volume":"23","author":"Wevers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-013-2787-9","article-title":"The value of percutaneous ultrasound in predicting conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy due to acute cholecystitis","volume":"27","author":"Cwik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12893-023-02036-0","article-title":"Can the Parkland grading scale predict the difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A new approach to validation","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-019-0230-9","article-title":"Intra-operative gallbladder scoring predicts conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy: a WSES prospective collaborative study","volume":"14","author":"Sugrue","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7922-9-60","article-title":"Cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. How time-critical are the so called golden 72 hours or better golden 24 hours and silver 25-72 hour? A case control study","volume":"9","author":"Ambe","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-019-04459-8","article-title":"C-reactive protein is the best biomarker to predict advanced acute cholecystitis and conversion to open surgery. A prospective cohort study of 556 cases","volume":"24","author":"Bouassida","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001063","article-title":"Inflammation-based prognostic scores predict disease severity in patients with acute cholecystitis","volume":"30","author":"Sato","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2015.12.006","article-title":"Risk assessment scales and predictors for simple versus severe cholecystitis in performing laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.70707","article-title":"The association of liver enzymes with acute cholecystitis diagnosed using the Tokyo criteria in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia: a retrospective case-control study","volume":"8","author":"Alessa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib15","article-title":"Multicenter external validation of a nomogram predicting conversion to open cholecystectomy during laparoscopic surgery for acute calculous cholecystitis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-020-02069-5","article-title":"Identification of risk factors for open conversion from laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis based on computed tomography findings","volume":"50","author":"Hirohata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib17","article-title":"Development and validation of a radiologically-based nomogram for preoperative prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-014-0838-z","article-title":"Risk factors for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open surgery associated with the severity characteristics according to the Tokyo guidelines","volume":"44","author":"Asai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.284","article-title":"Predicting length of stay and conversion to open cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis using the 2013 Tokyo guidelines in a US population","volume":"22","author":"Wright","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2016.11.007","article-title":"The severity grading of acute cholecystitis following the Tokyo guidelines is the most powerful predictive factor for conversion from laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy","volume":"154","author":"Bouassida","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Visc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.05.040","article-title":"Acute cholecystitis: risk factors for conversion to an open procedure","volume":"199","author":"Sippey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4293\/JSLS.2016.00065","article-title":"Risk factors for difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis","volume":"20","author":"Hayama","year":"2016","journal-title":"JSLS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-020-04707-2","article-title":"Acute gangrenous cholecystitis: proposal of a score and comparison with previous published scores","volume":"25","author":"Bouassida","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.03.007","article-title":"Gallbladder wall thickness as a predictor of intraoperative events during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective study of 1089 patients","volume":"220","author":"Kokoroskos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.12.085","article-title":"Prospective validation of the bedside sonographic acute cholecystitis score in emergency department patients","volume":"42","author":"Graglia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2020.06.010","article-title":"Accuracy of pre-operative parameters in predicting severe cholecystitis-a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2018.02.016","article-title":"Evaluating the relevance of the 2013 Tokyo guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cholecystitis","volume":"227","author":"Joseph","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib28","first-page":"1871","article-title":"What is the best score for predicting difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A diagnostic trial study","volume":"109","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Giraldo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000006799","article-title":"A 10-year real-world assessment of longitudinal outcomes following bailout procedures for severe cholecystitis","volume":"282","author":"Lim","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037_bib30","article-title":"Robotic-assisted versus conventional\/single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"104","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480426004142?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022480426004142?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:51:00Z","timestamp":1791334260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022480426004142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0022480426004142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4804","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Preoperative Conversion Risk Score for Acute Calculous Cholecystitis: Does TG18 Add Value?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Surgical Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2026.06.037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}