{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T15:39:23Z","timestamp":1774366763446,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000133","name":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010544","name":"Exelixis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010544","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Surgical Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T06:49:19Z","timestamp":1595659759000},"page":"422-430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Stress and the Surgical Resident in the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5630-2978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Mahuron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tasce","family":"Bongiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lancaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie Ann","family":"Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Wick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S106","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200510001-00028","article-title":"Progressive independence in clinical training: a tradition worth defending?","volume":"80","author":"Kennedy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2014.04.019","article-title":"Entrustment of general surgery residents in the operating room: factors contributing to provision of resident autonomy","volume":"219","author":"Teman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.10.010","article-title":"Burnout and stress among US surgery residents: psychological distress and resilience","volume":"226","author":"Lebares","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181f2789c","article-title":"A national study of attrition in general surgery training: which residents leave and where do they go?","volume":"252","author":"Yeo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.0974","article-title":"Multiple-institution comparison of resident and faculty perceptions of burnout and depression during surgical training","volume":"153","author":"Williford","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0006","unstructured":"Newsom G. Executive Order N-33-20. In: Government CS, ed. https:\/\/covid19.ca.gov\/img\/Executive-Order-N-33-20.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0007","unstructured":"Calmatters Staff. Timeline: California reacts to coronavirus. https:\/\/calmatters.org\/health\/coronavirus\/2020\/04\/gavin-newsom-coronavirus-updates-timeline\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0008","unstructured":"California State Government. Stay home except for essential needs. https:\/\/covid19.ca.gov\/stay-home-except-for-essential-needs\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0009","series-title":"COVID-19 Digest and Cross-Campus UCSF Task Force Established","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2020.04.007","article-title":"Rapid response of an Academic Surgical Department to the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for patients, surgeons, and the community","volume":"230","author":"Lancaster","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0011","unstructured":"CDC COVID Data Tracker. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0012","unstructured":"The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. COVID-19 Projections. 2020. https:\/\/covid19.healthdata.org\/united-states-of-america."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Internal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","article-title":"Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population","volume":"46","author":"Lowe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0015","series-title":"RStudio: Integrated Developent for R. 1.2.5033 ed","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.23736\/S0393-2249.20.03868-0","article-title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology residency training in Italy","volume":"72","author":"Amparore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Urol Nefrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0017","unstructured":"Daodu O, Panda N, Lopushinsky S, Varghese TK, Jr., Brindle M. COVID-19 \u2013 considerations and implications for surgical learners. Ann Surg. 9000; Publish Ahead of Print."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.03.018","article-title":"using technology to maintain the education of residents during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"77","author":"Chick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2003.01723.x","article-title":"SARS and its effect on medical education in Hong Kong","volume":"37","author":"Patil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7393.784\/c","article-title":"Fear of SARS thwarts medical education in Toronto","volume":"326","author":"Clark","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V38N8p724","article-title":"The challenges of \u201ccontinuing medical education\u201d in a pandemic era","volume":"38","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-8910.2004.00600.x","article-title":"Tales from the frontline: the colorectal battle against SARS","volume":"6","author":"Bradford","year":"2004","journal-title":"Colorect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0023","unstructured":"The American Board of Surgery. FAQs - Hardship Modifications to General Surgery Training Requirements 2020. http:\/\/www.absurgery.org\/default.jsp?faq_gshardship."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2016.05.014","article-title":"National survey of burnout among US General Surgery Residents","volume":"223","author":"Elmore","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surgeons"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0025","first-page":"17","article-title":"Stress, burnout, and maladaptive coping: strategies for surgeon well-being","volume":"96","author":"JGt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2009.03590.x","article-title":"Burnout and engagement among resident doctors in the Netherlands: a national study","volume":"44","author":"Prins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2008.575","article-title":"Stress and burnout among surgeons: understanding and managing the syndrome and avoiding the adverse consequences","volume":"144","author":"Balch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2012.10.007","article-title":"Stress training for the surgical resident","volume":"205","author":"Maher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2017.00014","article-title":"Implementation of a novel structured social and wellness committee in a surgical residency program: a case study","volume":"4","author":"Van Orden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.4300\/JGME-D-15-00764.1","article-title":"Well-being in residency: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Raj","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Grad Med Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031_bib0031","first-page":"87","article-title":"Perspective: resident physician wellness a new hope","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Surgical Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1931720420302658?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1931720420302658?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T12:51:37Z","timestamp":1761828697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1931720420302658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1931720420302658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031","relation":{},"ISSN":["1931-7204"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1931-7204","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Stress and the Surgical Resident in the COVID-19 Pandemic","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Surgical Education","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsurg.2020.07.031","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}