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The effects on androgen production have rarely been examined but could be relevant for survivors of cervical cancer because insufficiency has been associated with low sexual function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of pelvic radiotherapy, hysterectomy with SOE, or surgery without SOE on androgen levels and to explore potential associations with sexual function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with cervical cancer (N = 60) were prospectively examined through blood sampling and questionnaires before and 1 year after treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum testosterone (measured by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry), sex hormone-binding globulin, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol levels and Female Sexual Function Index scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women treated with radiotherapy (n = 38), median total and free testosterone levels were significantly decreased at 1-year follow-up compared with baseline in premenopausal women (n = 16; total testosterone \u221229%, P = .01; free testosterone \u221222%, P = .007) and postmenopausal women (n = 22; total testosterone \u221225%, P = .03; free testosterone \u221229%, P = .03). Androstenedione was decreased in premenopausal women only and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was decreased in postmenopausal women only after radiotherapy. In women treated with hysterectomy and SOE (n = 10), testosterone levels were lower but not significantly lower, and there was no change in those having surgery without SOE (n = 12). Female Sexual Function Index scores lower than 26.5 in sexually active women were reported by 80% 1 year after radiotherapy, by 44% after hysterectomy with SOE, and by 40% after surgery without SOE, with no significant differences compared with baseline values. No direct correlation between androgen levels and Female Sexual Function Index scores were found at 1-year follow-up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total and free testosterone levels decreased slightly but significantly after pelvic radiotherapy in pre- and postmenopausal women. The clinical importance of this decrease is unclear, but androgen levels were not directly related to sexual function in this pilot setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2015.12.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T09:48:24Z","timestamp":1454320104000},"page":"413-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Serum Androgen Levels and Sexual Function Before and One Year After Treatment of Uterine Cervical Cancer: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"\u00c5sa H.","family":"Everhov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology-Pathology , Stockholm, , Sweden"},{"name":"Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, , Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelique","family":"Fl\u00f6ter R\u00e5destad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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