{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T22:48:53Z","timestamp":1778712533158,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsm.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Studies investigating brain indices of sexual arousal have begun to elucidate the brain's role in processing subjective arousal; however, most research has focused on men, used discrete ratings of subjective arousal, and used stimuli too short to induce significant arousal in women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine brain regions modulated by changes in subjective sexual arousal (SSA) rating intensity in men and women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two groups (20 men, 20 women) viewed movie clips (erotic or humorous) while continuously evaluating changes in their SSA using a Likert-like scale (0 = not aroused, 10 = most aroused) and answering discrete questions about liking the movies and wanting sexual stimulation. Brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Blood oxygen level-dependent responses and continuous and discrete measurements of sexual arousal.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Erotic movies induced significant SSA in men and women. No sex difference in mean SSA was found in response to the erotic movies on continuous or discrete measurements. Several brain regions were correlated with changes in SSA. Parametric modulation with rating intensity showed a specific group of regions within the parietal lobe that showed significant differences in activity among low, medium, and high SSA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple regions were concordant with changes in SSA; however, a subset of regions in men and women was modulated by SSA intensity, a subset previously linked to attentional processes, monitoring of internal body representation, and processing of sensory information from the genitals. This study highlights that similar brain regions are activated during subjective assessment of sexual arousal in men and women. The data further highlight the fact that SSA is a complex phenomenon made up of multiple interoceptive and attentional processes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.08.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,8]],"date-time":"2016-09-08T20:43:41Z","timestamp":1473367421000},"page":"1508-1522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neural Representation of Subjective Sexual Arousal in Men and Women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mayte","family":"Parada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology \u00a0 , Montreal, QC , Canada"},{"name":"McGill University \u00a0 , Montreal, QC , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"G\u00e9rard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology \u00a0 , Montreal, QC , Canada"},{"name":"McGill University \u00a0 , Montreal, QC , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Larcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery \u00a0 , Montreal, QC , Canada"},{"name":"Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital \u00a0 , Montreal, QC , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Dagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery \u00a0 , Montreal, QC , Canada"},{"name":"Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital \u00a0 , Montreal, QC , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yitzchak M.","family":"Binik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology \u00a0 , Montreal, QC , Canada"},{"name":"McGill University \u00a0 , Montreal, QC , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2011.03.004","article-title":"Sexual arousal in men: a review and conceptual analysis","volume":"59","author":"Janssen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-009-9556-9","article-title":"Agreement of self-reported and genital measures of sexual arousal in men and women: a meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Chivers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0100-6","article-title":"Disentangling desire and arousal: a classificatory conundrum","volume":"42","author":"Sarin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib4","volume-title":"The psychophysiology of sex: brain functional imaging studies of sexual desire and arousal in human males","author":"Stol\u00e9ru","year":"2007"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.03.006","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging studies of sexual arousal and orgasm in healthy men and women: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Stol\u00e9ru","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.05.004","article-title":"The human sexual response cycle: Brain imaging evidence linking sex to other pleasures","volume":"98","author":"Georgiadis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2004.03.004","article-title":"The brain circuitry of attention","volume":"8","author":"Shipp","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31815b60cf","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis of attention to one's heartbeat","volume":"69","author":"Tracy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhm036","article-title":"Cortical mechanisms for shifting and holding visuospatial attention","volume":"18","author":"Kelley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.09.044","article-title":"Women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder compared to normal females: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"158","author":"Arnow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105336","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105336","article-title":"Brain networks during free viewing of complex erotic movie: new insights on psychogenic erectile dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Cera","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230701267852","article-title":"The Female Sexual Function Index: a methodological critique and suggestions for improvement","volume":"33","author":"Meyer-Bahlburg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00238-0","article-title":"The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction","volume":"49","author":"Rosen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.11.017","article-title":"Psychophysics software in python","volume":"162","author":"Peirce","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurocie Methods"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051","article-title":"Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL","volume":"23","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(01)00036-6","article-title":"A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images","volume":"5","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1132","article-title":"Improved optimisation for the robust and accurate linear registration and motion correction of brain images","volume":"17","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10062","article-title":"Fast robust automated brain extraction","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.02.064","article-title":"ICA-AROMA: a robust ICA-based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data","volume":"112","author":"Prium","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0193(200011)11:3<162::AID-HBM30>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Brain processing of visual sexual stimuli in human males","volume":"11","author":"Redout\u00e9","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.011","article-title":"The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease","volume":"1124","author":"Buckner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib22","first-page":"731","article-title":"Spatial and non-spatial functions of the parietal cortex","volume":"20","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiology"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20735","article-title":"Human brain activation during sexual stimulation of the penis","volume":"493","author":"Georgiadis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.034","article-title":"Dynamic subcortical blood flow during male sexual activity with ecological validity: a perfusion fMRI study","volume":"50","author":"Georgiadis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.05.051","article-title":"Activation of mirror-neuron system by erotic video clips predicts degree of induced erection: an fMRI study","volume":"42","author":"Mouras","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.0794","article-title":"Cerebral activation associated with sexual arousal in response to a pornographic clip: a 15O-H2O PET study in heterosexual men","volume":"14","author":"Bocher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.03.025","article-title":"Dynamics of male sexual arousal: distinct components of brain activation revealed by fMRI","volume":"15","author":"Ferretti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2001.01385.x","article-title":"Action observation activates premotor and parietal areas in a somatotopic manner: an fMRI study","volume":"13","author":"Buccino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0193(200101)12:1<1::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Functional anatomy of execution, mental simulation, observation, and verb generation of actions: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Gr\u00e8zes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/2245","article-title":"Maintaining internal representations: the role of the human superior parietal lobe","volume":"1","author":"Wolpert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.04.043","article-title":"Ictal asomatognosia due to dominant superior parietal cortical dysplasia","volume":"18","author":"Nishibayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"RC165","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-18-j0001.2001","article-title":"Neural correlates of conscious self-regulation of emotion","volume":"15","author":"Beauregard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(96)00029-2","article-title":"A fronto-parietal network for rapid visual information processing: a PET study of sustained attention and working memory","volume":"34","author":"Coull","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10014","article-title":"Areas of brain activation in males and females during viewing of erotic film excerpts","volume":"16","author":"Karama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0429-3","article-title":"There are differences in cerebral activation between females in distinct menstrual phases during viewing of erotic stimuli: an fMRI study","volume":"174","author":"Gizewski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00981.x","article-title":"Specific cerebral activation due to visual erotic stimuli in male-to-female transsexuals compared with male and female controls: an fMRI study","volume":"6","author":"Gizewski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1208","article-title":"Men and women differ in amygdala response to visual sexual stimuli","volume":"7","author":"Hamann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01405.x","article-title":"Neural activations of the acquisition of conditioned sexual arousal: effects of contingency awareness and sex","volume":"11","author":"Klucken","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0689-8","article-title":"Mindfulness-based sex therapy improves genital-subjective arousal concordance in women with sexual desire\/arousal difficulties","volume-title":"Arch Sex Behav","author":"Brotto"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12941","article-title":"Mindfulness interventions for treating sexual dysfunctions: the gentle science of finding focus in a multitask world","volume":"12","author":"Brotto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2024032602342824000_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.001","article-title":"Group mindfulness-based therapy significantly improves sexual desire in women","volume":"57","author":"Brotto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609516303733?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609516303733?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/13\/10\/1508\/48193380\/jsm_13_10_1508.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/13\/10\/1508\/48193380\/jsm_13_10_1508.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T02:43:01Z","timestamp":1711420981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article\/13\/10\/1508\/6940271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.08.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-6109","1743-6095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-6109","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1743-6095","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neural Representation of Subjective Sexual Arousal in Men and Women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Sexual Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.08.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016, International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}