{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:06:19Z","timestamp":1788282379718,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsm.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SDx) diagnoses in primary care settings is not well known, which is a concern because of the high prevalence of comorbid chronic health conditions in patients diagnosed with SDx.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the relation of SDx diagnosis, chronic health conditions, and prescription medications commonly associated with SDx for men and women in primary care using medical records diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Exploratory descriptive analyses were used to interpret secondary data from a primary care patient database. The database included patient data from 3 family and internal medicine clinics in the St Louis metropolitan area from July 1, 2008 to June 30, 2015. Analysis included key demographic variables, chronic illness, and health conditions of hypertension, pain, prostate disorder, menopause, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and associated medications. Analysis of the database yielded 30,627 adult patients (men: n\u00a0= 12,097, mean age\u00a0= 46.8 years, 65.6% white race; women: n\u00a0= 18,530, mean age\u00a0= 46.6 years, 59.2% white race) with significant comorbid associations between SDx and other chronic illness, health conditions, and medication prescription.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depression, anxiety, pain, hypertension, diabetes, and psychotropic medication use were significantly associated with SDx for men and women. Examination of specific SDx diagnoses showed erectile dysfunction to be significantly associated with all tested variables for men. For women, pain-related SDx diagnoses were associated more with chronic illness, health conditions, and medication use than were psychosexual SDx diagnoses (eg, orgasm), except for menopause. Prevalence varied by sex, with a higher prevalence rate of any SDx for men (13.5%) than for women (1.0%), although sex comparisons were not part of the analytics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Translation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests the diagnosis of SDx is closely associated with other common chronic illness and health conditions and could go underdiagnosed in women in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Strengths and Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cross-sectional nature of the study limits the ability to draw causal conclusions related to the nature of the associated conditions with SDx diagnoses. The generalizability of the findings also might be limited given the specific demographic or health makeup of the St Louis area where the study was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high comorbidity of SDx with mental health, chronic pain and illnesses, and medication use adds to the growing evidence that sexual health and functioning are essential components of overall well-being and holistic care for men and women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.09.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]],"date-time":"2017-10-28T12:05:34Z","timestamp":1509192334000},"page":"1318-1326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Sexual Dysfunction in Primary Care: An Exploratory Descriptive Analysis of Medical Record Diagnoses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Katie M.","family":"Heiden-Rootes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Salas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gebauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Witthaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Scherrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"McDaniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dasha","family":"Carver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine \u00a0 , St Louis, MO , USA"},{"name":"Saint Louis University \u00a0 , St Louis, MO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.6.537","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in the United States: prevalence and predictors","volume":"281","author":"Laumann","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067423","article-title":"A\u00a0study of sexuality and health among older adults in the United States","volume":"357","author":"Lindau","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib3","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","edition":"5th ed."},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4572(96)80064-4","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in the menopausal woman: hormonal causes and management issues","volume":"17","author":"Hofland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib5","first-page":"2653","article-title":"Association between mental health disorders and sexual dysfunction in patients suffering from rheumatic diseases","volume":"11","author":"Anyfanti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182830482","article-title":"Prescription opioids for back pain and use of medications for erectile dysfunction","volume":"38","author":"Deyo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00292-1","article-title":"Increased incidence of depressive symptoms in men with erectile dysfunction","volume":"52","author":"Shabsigh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Adult Urol"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1159\/000126626","article-title":"The impact of mental illness on sexual dysfunction","volume":"29","author":"Zemishlany","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Dysfunct Adv Psychosom Med"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2014.12.012","article-title":"Problems in sexual functioning among male OEF\/OIF veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress","volume":"58","author":"Badoura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib10","first-page":"2045","article-title":"Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in men with type 1 diabetes: findings from the DCCT\/EDIC","volume":"193","author":"Pop-Busui","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib11","first-page":"16","article-title":"Sexual function in elderly women: a review of current literature","volume":"5","author":"Ambler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib12","first-page":"49","article-title":"Clinical evaluation and management strategy for sexual dysfunction in men and women","volume":"1","author":"Hatzichristou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib13","first-page":"460","article-title":"Incidence of erectile dysfunction in men 40 to 69 years old: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study","volume":"163","author":"Johannes","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2008.9","article-title":"Obesity and sexual dysfunction, male and female","volume":"20","author":"Esposito","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ASEB.0000007462.97961.5a","article-title":"The association of sexual dysfunction and substance use among a community epidemiological sample","volume":"33","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.02.016","article-title":"Shock-related anxiety and sexual function in adults with congenital heart disease and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators","volume":"10","author":"Cook","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n0414","article-title":"Prevalence of sexual dysfunction among newer antidepressants","volume":"63","author":"Clayton","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198502000-00002","article-title":"Adverse reactions to monoamine oxidase inhibitors. part ii. treatment correlates and clinical management","volume":"5","author":"Rabkin","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198606000-00004","article-title":"Effects of antidepressant medication on sexual: function: a controlled study","volume":"6","author":"Harrison","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.181.1.49","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in patients taking conventional antipsychotic medication","volume":"181","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.29.1.8","article-title":"Long-term effects on sexual function of five antihypertensive drugs and nutritional hygienic treatment in hypertensive men and women: Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS)","volume":"29","author":"Grimm","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000251898.40002.5b","article-title":"Female sexual dysfunction in essential hypertension: a common problem being uncovered","volume":"24","author":"Doumas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib23","first-page":"888","article-title":"Report of the international consensus development conference on female sexual dysfunction: definitions and classifications","volume":"163","author":"Basson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2016.06.160047","article-title":"Comparison of medical diagnoses among same-sex and opposite-sex-partnered patients","volume":"29","author":"Heiden-Rootes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2016.03.150370","article-title":"Higher referrals for diabetes education in a medical home model of care","volume":"29","author":"Manard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmu092","article-title":"Depression leads to incident vascular disease: evidence for the relevance to primary care","volume":"32","author":"Scherrer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721715574604","article-title":"Race and referral to diabetes education in primary care patients with prediabetes and diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Hooks-Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3182349b97","article-title":"Validation of a neighborhood SES index in a managed care organization","volume":"51","author":"Roblin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860609346347","article-title":"Using administrative data to identify mental illness: what approach is best?","volume":"25","author":"Frayne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med Qual"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/1062860606288243","article-title":"Are claims data accurate enough to identify patients for performance measures or quality improvement? The case of diabetes, heart disease and depression","volume":"21","author":"Solberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med Qual"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2015.24.4.218","article-title":"Sex and the older man","volume":"24","author":"Norton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib32","first-page":"2690","article-title":"The relationship between self-reported sexual satisfaction and general well-being in women","volume":"6","author":"Davison","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1177\/000276486029005006","article-title":"In pursuit of the perfect penis: the medicalization of male sexuality","volume":"29","author":"Tiefer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Behav Sci"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.1020791","article-title":"Advances in pharmacotherapy for treating female sexual dysfunction","volume":"16","author":"Nappi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib35","first-page":"387","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction in primary medical care: prevalence, characteristics and detection by the general practitioner","volume":"19","author":"Read","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Public Health"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib36","first-page":"386","article-title":"General practitioners' procedures for sexual history taking and treating sexual dysfunction in primary care","volume":"11","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmh509","article-title":"\u201cOpening a can of worms\u201d: GP and practice nurse barriers to talking about sexual health in primary care","volume":"21","author":"Gott","year":"2004","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00104.x","article-title":"Hostile and benevolent sexism","volume":"21","author":"Glick","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol Women Q"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1157.003.0017","article-title":"Thirty years of ageism research","volume-title":"Ageism: stereotyping and prejudice against older persons","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2002"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000202398.27428.e2","article-title":"Sexual activity and function in middle-aged and older women & Reproductive Risk Factors for Incontinence Study at Kaiser (RRISK) Study Group","volume":"107","author":"Addis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib41","first-page":"639","article-title":"Female sexuality and sexual dysfunction: are we stuck on the learning curve?","volume":"3","author":"Bachmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejon.2012.11.008","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators for oncology nurses discussing sexual issues with men diagnosed with testicular cancer","volume":"17","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Oncol Nurs"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.101","article-title":"The sounds of silence: sexuality information for cancer patients","volume":"23","author":"Katz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e31823a8600","article-title":"Are older patients comfortable discussing sexual health with nurses?","volume":"61","author":"Farrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/0167482X.2014.912210","article-title":"National survey on psychosocial obstetrics and gynecology curriculum in US medical schools","volume":"35","author":"Schaffir","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychosom Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib46","first-page":"3","article-title":"Sexuality education in North American medical schools: current status and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Shindel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023011111042946500_bib47","first-page":"631","article-title":"Presence of a sexual problem may not affect women's satisfaction from their sexual function","volume":"5","author":"Ferenidou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609517314418?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609517314418?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/14\/11\/1318\/48525384\/jsm_14_11_1318.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/14\/11\/1318\/48525384\/jsm_14_11_1318.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T23:43:18Z","timestamp":1719531798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article\/14\/11\/1318\/6973393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.09.014","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.732084438.793541731","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1743-6109","1743-6095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-6109","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1743-6095","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sexual Dysfunction in Primary Care: An Exploratory Descriptive Analysis of Medical Record Diagnoses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Sexual Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.09.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}