{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T07:59:11Z","timestamp":1759564751154,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsm.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Evidence concerning the determinants of vaginismus (V), in particular medical conditions, is inconclusive.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate, in a cohort of subjects consulting for female sexual dysfunction, whether there is a difference in medical and psychosocial parameters between women with V and women with other sexual complaints.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A series of 255 women attending our clinic for female sexual dysfunction was consecutively recruited. V was diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria. Lifelong and acquired V cases were included.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients underwent a structured interview and physical, gynecologic, laboratory, and clitoral ultrasound examinations; they completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire, the Female Sexual Distress Scale\u2013Revised (FSDS), and the Body Uneasiness Test.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>V was diagnosed in 20 patients (7.8%). Women with V were significantly younger than the rest of the sample (P &amp;lt; .05). No differences were found for traditional risk factors such as a history of sexual abuse, relational parameters, or gynecologic diseases or for newly investigated parameters (ie, neurologic, hormonal, and metabolic alterations). Women with V showed significantly higher histrionic-hysterical symptoms and traits (as detected by MHQ-H score; P &amp;lt; .05) compared with subjects with other sexual complaints. When the scores of all MHQ subscales were simultaneously introduced in a logistic model, the association between V and MHQ-H score was confirmed (P\u00a0=\u00a0.013). Women with V also showed higher FSFI pain and FSDS total scores, even after adjusting for age (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.05). In an age-adjusted model, FSDS total score increased as a function of the years of duration of V (P\u00a0=\u00a0.032) but not as a function of its severity. All observations were confirmed in a case-control study (ratio\u00a0= 1:3).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our data demonstrate that some novel contributors of V should be investigated, namely histrionic-hysterical traits. This psychological comorbidity could offer valuable insights for intervention and managing complications.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Strengths and Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is the first study to assess the role of many metabolic and hormonal parameters as potential determinants of V. The main limitation is its exploratory and cross-sectional nature; our data need to be confirmed in larger, more systematic analyses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>V was associated with histrionic-hysterical traits, FSFI pain domain, and sex-related distress. A history of abuse, relational parameters, gynecologic diseases, and hormonal and metabolic alterations do not seem to play a role in the development of V.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.09.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,28]],"date-time":"2017-10-28T16:05:31Z","timestamp":1509206731000},"page":"1392-1402","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Psychobiological Correlates of Vaginismus: An Exploratory Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Maseroli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gynecological Endocrinology Research Unit \u00a0 \u00a0 , Florence, ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences \u201cMario Serio\u201d \u00a0 \u00a0 , Florence, ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"University of Florence \u00a0 \u00a0 , Florence, 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