{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T13:40:02Z","timestamp":1719927602076},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,29]],"date-time":"2018-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,29]],"date-time":"2018-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1522281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dr Ramasamy received an American Urological Association Research Scholar Award","award":["1R01 HL137355","1R01 HL107110","1R01 HL134558","5R01 CA136387","5UM1 HL113460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01 HL137355","1R01 HL107110","1R01 HL134558","5R01 CA136387","5UM1 HL113460"]}]},{"name":"Stanley Glaser Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019964","name":"Soffer Family Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019964","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsm.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Excess reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are implicated in male infertility and impaired spermatogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of excess reactive nitrogen species and nitrosative stress on testicular function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis using the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-null (Gsnor\u2212\/\u2212) mouse model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Testis size, pup number, and epididymal sperm concentration and motility of Gsnor\u2212\/\u2212 mice were compared with those of age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Reproductive hormones testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone were compared in Gsnor\u2212\/\u2212 and WT mice. Immunofluorescence for Gsnor\u2212\/\u2212 and WT testis was performed for 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) and compared. Human chorionic gonadotropin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation tests were performed to assess and compare testicular and pituitary functions of Gsnor\u2212\/\u2212 and WT mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evaluation of fertility and reproductive hormones in Gsnor\u2212\/\u2212 vs WT mice. Response of Gsnor\u2212\/\u2212 and WT mice to human chorionic gonadotropin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone to evaluate LH and T production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gsnor \u2212\/\u2212 mice had smaller litters (4.2 vs 8.0 pups per litter; P &amp;lt; .01), smaller testes (0.08 vs 0.09 g; P\u00a0&amp;lt; .01), and decreased epididymal sperm concentration (69 vs 98\u00a0\u00d7 106; P &amp;lt; .05) and motility (39% vs 65%; P &amp;lt; .05) compared with WT mice. Serum T (44.8 vs 292.2 ng\/dL; P &amp;lt; .05) and LH (0.03 vs 0.74 ng\/mL; P\u00a0=\u00a0.04) were lower in Gsnor\u2212\/\u2212 than in WT mice despite similar follicle-stimulating hormone levels (63.98 vs 77.93 ng\/mL; P\u00a0= .20). Immunofluorescence of Gsnor\u2212\/\u2212 and WT testes showed similar staining of 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and LHR. Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation of Gsnor\u2212\/\u2212 mice increased serum T (&amp;gt;1,680 vs &amp;gt;1,680 ng\/dL) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation increased serum LH (6.3 vs 8.9 ng\/mL; P\u00a0= .20) similar to WT mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Translation<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings provide novel insight to a possible mechanism of secondary hypogonadism from increased reactive nitrogen species and excess nitrosative stress.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Strengths and Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>Limitations of this study are its small samples and variability in hormone levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deficiency of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase results in secondary hypogonadism, suggesting that\u00a0excess nitrosative stress can affect LH production from the pituitary gland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,30]],"date-time":"2018-03-30T10:40:19Z","timestamp":1522406419000},"page":"654-661","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Deficiency Results in Secondary Hypogonadism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Masterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology , Miami, FL , USA"},{"name":"University of Miami , Miami, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology , Miami, FL , USA"},{"name":"University of Miami , Miami, FL , 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