{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T10:29:26Z","timestamp":1780396166158,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"},{"name":"Faculty of Human Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsm.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Several studies have demonstrated that culture plays a fundamental role in individuals' beliefs, attitudes, and values toward sexuality, and influences their ability to enjoy sex. It follows that culture may influence sexual satisfaction or dissatisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine and compare cognitive\u2013emotional variables related to women's sexual dissatisfaction in Iran and New Zealand.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 196 Iranian women and 207 New Zealand women participated in the study, answering questionnaires evaluating dysfunctional sexual beliefs, automatic thoughts, emotional and sexual response during sexual activity, as well as sexual satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sexual beliefs were measured by the Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire, thoughts and emotional responses were measured by the Sexual Modes Questionnaire, and sexual satisfaction was measured by the Sexual Satisfaction Index.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Findings indicated that in both Iranian and New Zealand women, failure and disengagement thoughts, lack of erotic thoughts, and emotions of fear during sexual activity were significant predictors of sexual dissatisfaction. Besides these common predictors, results also indicated that sexual conservatism and women's sexual passivity beliefs, sexual abuse thoughts, and fear during sexual activity were significant predictors of sexual dissatisfaction in Iranian women. Beliefs of sexual desire and pleasure as a sin; age-related beliefs; and emotions such as sadness, disillusion, and hurt were significant predictors of sexual dissatisfaction in New Zealand women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Translation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The present findings could facilitate a better understanding of cultural differences in the roles played by dysfunctional sexual beliefs, negative automatic thoughts, and negative emotions during sexual activity, and the value of these beliefs, thoughts, and emotions in predicting sexual dissatisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The strength of this study is in providing an examination of the role of culturally bound beliefs in predicting sexual dissatisfaction in women from different cultural backgrounds. Limitations include the lack of evaluation of psychological and interpersonal variables that may impact on women's sexual dissatisfaction. These findings suggest that there may be a role of culture in shaping beliefs, attitudes, and values toward sexuality; and provide evidence for the effect of cognitive\u2013emotional variables in predicting women's sexual dissatisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T12:41:14Z","timestamp":1523364074000},"page":"687-697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Culture and Sexuality: Cognitive\u2013Emotional Determinants of Sexual Dissatisfaction Among Iranian and New Zealand Women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Atefe","family":"Abdolmanafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health , Perth, Western Australia , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences , Perth, Western Australia , Australia"},{"name":"Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Nobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology and Education Science , Porto \u00a0 Portugal"},{"name":"University of Porto , Porto \u00a0 Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health , Perth, Western Australia , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences , Perth, Western Australia , Australia"},{"name":"Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.J. Matt","family":"Tilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health , Perth, Western Australia , Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences , Perth, Western Australia , Australia"},{"name":"Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza Ghorban","family":"Jahromi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies , Tehran \u00a0 Iran"},{"name":"Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behavior , Tehran \u00a0 Iran"},{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran \u00a0 Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541932","article-title":"Sexual attitudes in the Chinese","volume":"19","author":"Ng","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-005-7909-6","article-title":"Acculturation and sexual function in Asian women","volume":"34","author":"Brotto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01183.x","article-title":"Sex misinformation and misconceptions among Chinese medical students in Hong Kong","volume":"20","author":"Chan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Educ"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2014.990515","article-title":"Perceived norms of premarital heterosexual relationships and sexuality among female college students in Tehran","volume":"17","author":"Khalajabadi Farahani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1177\/10778019922181392","article-title":"Sexual abuse in South Asian immigrant marriages","volume":"5","author":"Abraham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib6","first-page":"34","article-title":"Influences of culture on Asian Americans' sexuality","volume":"39","author":"Okazaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Res"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-013-0084-2","article-title":"Sex guilt and life satisfaction in Iranian-American women","volume":"42","author":"Abdolsalehi-Najafi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/1468199031000061281","article-title":"Sexual dysfunctional beliefs questionnaire: an instrument to assess sexual dysfunctional beliefs as vulnerability factors to sexual problems","volume":"18","author":"Nobre","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sex Relat Ther"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib9","first-page":"190","article-title":"Concepts of sexuality and health among Iranian women in Australia","volume":"37","author":"Merghaty Khoei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physican"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib10","first-page":"5","article-title":"The sociological study of women's marital relationship satisfaction","volume":"3","author":"Nasimi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc Sci"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1080\/14681994.2015.1024218","article-title":"What are Iranian married women's rewards? Using interpersonal exchange model of sexual satisfaction: a qualitative study","volume":"30","author":"Raisi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Relat Ther"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12119-014-9250-5","article-title":"Let's (not) talk about sex: the gender of sexual discourse","volume":"19","author":"Montemurro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Cult"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/0360127950210509","article-title":"Sexuality and older people: revisiting the assumptions","volume":"21","author":"Deacon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Educ Gerontol"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018721417683","article-title":"Sexual desire discrepancies: effects on sexual and relationship satisfaction in heterosexual dating couples","volume":"28","author":"Davies","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2001.tb00034.x","article-title":"The importance of similarity and understanding of partners' marital ideals to relationship satisfaction","volume":"8","author":"Acitelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pers Relatsh"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.1995.tb00093.x","article-title":"The role of sexual attitude similarity in romantic heterosexual relationships","volume":"2","author":"Cupach","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pers Relatsh"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.118.1.3","article-title":"The longitudinal course of marital quality and stability: a review of theory, method, and research","volume":"118","author":"Karney","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023420431760","article-title":"Distress about sex: a national survey of women in heterosexual relationships","volume":"32","author":"Bancroft","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Beyond belief: a theory of modes, personality and psychopathology","author":"Beck","year":"1996","journal-title":"Frontiers of cognitive therapy. New York: Guilford Press"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sexol.2012.01.011","article-title":"Cognitive factors in women hypoactive sexual desire disorder","volume":"22","author":"G\u00e9onet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sexology"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib21","first-page":"2690","article-title":"Dysfunctional sexual beliefs: a comparative study of heterosexual men and women, gay men, and lesbian women with and without sexual problems","volume":"11","author":"Peixoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780192614131.001.0001","article-title":"Sex therapy: a practical guide","author":"Hawton","year":"1985"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib23","first-page":"107","article-title":"Broad spectrum treatment of low sexual desire: integration of cognitive, behavioral and systemic therapy","author":"LoPiccolo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sex Desire Disor. New York: Guilford Press"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib24","first-page":"3","article-title":"The changing focus of sex therapy","author":"Rosen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Case studies in sex therapy"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib25","first-page":"129","article-title":"Sex role stereotypes and female sexual dysfunction","author":"Tevlin","year":"1983","journal-title":"The stereotyping of women: its effects on mental health. New York: Springer"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib26","first-page":"1549","article-title":"Cognitive and emotional determinants characterizing women with persistent genital arousal disorder","volume":"10","author":"Carvalho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230802096358","article-title":"Cognitive and emotional predictors of female sexual dysfunctions: preliminary findings","volume":"34","author":"Nobre","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230903065716","article-title":"Determinants of sexual desire problems in women: testing a cognitive-emotional model","volume":"35","author":"Nobre","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib29","first-page":"1708","article-title":"Determinants of women's sexual dissatisfaction: assessing a cognitive-emotional model","volume":"13","author":"Abdolmanafi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib30","first-page":"223","article-title":"Vaginismus and dyspareunia: relationship with general and sex-related moral standards","volume":"8","author":"Borg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-007-9258-0","article-title":"Cognitions, emotions, and sexual response: analysis of the relationship among automatic thoughts, emotional responses, and sexual arousal","volume":"37","author":"Nobre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.4.525","article-title":"Differential effects of a misattribution manipulation on sexually functional and dysfunctional men","volume":"102","author":"Cranston-Cuebas","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/009262300278650","article-title":"Cognitive distraction and women's sexual functioning","volume":"26","author":"Dove","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib34","first-page":"368","article-title":"Sexual modes questionnaire: measure to assess the interaction among cognitions, emotions, and sexual response","volume":"40","author":"Nobre","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Res"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-007-9165-7","article-title":"Differences in automatic thoughts presented during sexual activity between sexually functional and dysfunctional men and women","volume":"32","author":"Nobre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cog Ther Res"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-9047-1","article-title":"Emotions during sexual activity: differences between sexually functional and dysfunctional men and women","volume":"35","author":"Nobre","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-015-0535-y","article-title":"An update on sexual function and dysfunction in women","volume":"18","author":"Khajehei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Women Ment Health"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2014.26.378-381","article-title":"A\u00a0review of affecting factors on sexual satisfaction in women","volume":"26","author":"Shahhosseini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater Sociomed"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901250","article-title":"Sexual problems among women and men aged 40-80 y: prevalence and correlates identified in the global study of sexual attitudes and behaviors","volume":"17","author":"Laumann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib40","first-page":"59","article-title":"Surveying the correlation between alexithymia and sexual satisfaction in married female university students of University of Tabriz","volume":"6","author":"Shariati","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Family Res"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib41","first-page":"427","article-title":"Characteristics of heterosexual regular relationships among a representative sample of adults: the second Australian study of health and relationships","volume":"11","author":"Badcock","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Health"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1177\/002188638201800210","article-title":"Methodological observations on applied behavioral science. A measurement package for clinical workers","volume":"18","author":"Hudson","year":"1982","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Behav Sci"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib43","first-page":"157","article-title":"A\u00a0Short-form scale to measure sexual discord in dyadic relationships","volume":"17","author":"Hudson","year":"1981","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Res"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib44","first-page":"1820","article-title":"Sexual dysfunctional beliefs questionnaire (SDBQ): translation and psychometric properties of the Iranian version","volume":"12","author":"Abdolmanafi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/14681994.2016.1203407","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Sexual Modes Questionnaire (SMQ): to assess the association between automatic thoughts, emotions and sexual response","volume":"32","author":"Abdolmanafi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Relat Ther"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/14681990600855042","article-title":"Body image, well-being and sexual satisfaction: a comparison between heterosexual and gay men","volume":"22","author":"Gil","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Relat Ther"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2013.06.278","article-title":"The comparison of socio-economic status of families and social support of parents for the physical exercises of their children","volume":"82","author":"Hashemi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Procedia Soc Behav Sci"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050701740039","article-title":"Sharing beliefs: what sexuality means to Muslim Iranian women living in Australia","volume":"10","author":"Khoei","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4572(05)80377-5","article-title":"Sexuality and aged women in nursing homes","volume":"13","author":"Nay","year":"1992","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib50","first-page":"68","article-title":"Dysfunctional sexual beliefs as vulnerability factors for sexual dysfunction","volume":"43","author":"Nobre","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Res"},{"key":"2023012309383252100_bib51","first-page":"928","article-title":"Predictors of women's sexual desire: the role of psychopathology, cognitive-emotional determinants, relationship dimensions, and medical factors","volume":"7","author":"Carvalho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609518301796?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609518301796?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/15\/5\/687\/48588541\/jsm_15_5_687.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/15\/5\/687\/48588541\/jsm_15_5_687.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T10:10:42Z","timestamp":1674468642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article\/15\/5\/687\/6980496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-6109","1743-6095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-6109","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1743-6095","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Culture and Sexuality: Cognitive\u2013Emotional Determinants of Sexual Dissatisfaction Among Iranian and New Zealand Women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Sexual Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.03.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}