{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:08:56Z","timestamp":1792598936321,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007113","name":"SMSNA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007113","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsm.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Previous studies have documented improvement in erectile function after bilateral cavernous nerve injury (BCNI) in rats with the use of pioglitazone. Our group determined this improvement to be mediated by the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To eliminate the systemic effects of pioglitazone and evaluate the local delivery of IGF-1 by polymeric microspheres after BCNI in the rat.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats aged 10\u201312 weeks were assigned at random to 3 groups: sham operation with phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-loaded microspheres (sham group), crush injury with PBS-loaded microspheres (crush group), and crush injury with IGF-1\u2013loaded microspheres (IGF-1 group). Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid microspheres were injected underneath the major pelvic ganglion (MPG). IGF-1 was released at approximately 30 ng\/mL\/day per MPG per rat.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Functional results were demonstrated by maximal intracavernosal pressure (ICP) normalized to mean arterial pressure (MAP). Protein-level analysis data of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), extracellular signal\u2013regulated kinase (ERK)-1\/2, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were obtained using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry for both the cavernosal tissue and the MPG and cavernous nerve (CN).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>At 2 weeks after nerve injury, animals treated with IGF-1 demonstrated improved erectile functional recovery (ICP\/MAP) at all voltages compared with BCNI (2.5V, P\u00a0= .001; 5V, P &amp;lt; .001; 7.5V, P &amp;lt; .001). Western blot results revealed that up-regulation of the IGF-1R and ERK-1\/2 in both the nervous and erectile tissue was associated with improved erectile function recovery. There were no significant between-group differences in nNOS protein levels in cavernosal tissue, but there was an up-regulation of nNOS in the MPG and CN. Immunohistochemistry confirmed these trends.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Translation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Local up-regulation of the IGF-1R in the neurovascular bed at the time of nerve injury may help men preserve erectile function after pelvic surgery, such as radical prostatectomy, eliminating the need for systemic therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Strengths &amp; Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study demonstrates that local drug delivery to the MPG and CN can affect the CN tissue downstream, but did not investigate the potential effects of up-regulation of the growth factor receptors on prostate cancer tissue.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Stimulating the IGF-1R at the level of the CN has the potential to mitigate erectile dysfunction in men after radical prostatectomy, but further research is needed to evaluate the safety of this growth factor in the setting of prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.12.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,4]],"date-time":"2019-03-04T18:16:17Z","timestamp":1551723377000},"page":"383-393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1\u2013Loaded Polymeric Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Microspheres Improved Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nora M.","family":"Haney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Talwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasad K.","family":"Akula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit G.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffroy Sanga","family":"Pema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Southern University at New Orleans \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thien V.","family":"Ninh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bashir M.","family":"Rezk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Southern University at New Orleans \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical Engineering \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Tulane University \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa T.","family":"Bouljihad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Comparative Pathology \u00a0 , Covington, LA , USA"},{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center \u00a0 , Covington, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh C.","family":"Sikka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemical Engineering \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Tulane University \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asim B.","family":"Abdel-Mageed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne J.G.","family":"Hellstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"},{"name":"Tulane University School of Medicine \u00a0 , New Orleans, LA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"2023012309520589800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900567","article-title":"The worldwide prevalence and epidemiology of erectile dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"McKinlay","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib2","first-page":"538","article-title":"Penile rehabilitation should become the norm for radical prostatectomy patients","volume":"4","author":"Mulhall","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib3","first-page":"905","article-title":"Return of erections and urinary continence following nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy","volume":"150","author":"Catalona","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1994.tb16626.x","article-title":"Sequelae of radical prostatectomy","volume":"74","author":"Jonler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00172-7","article-title":"Sexual function and bother after radical prostatectomy or radiation for prostate cancer: Multivariate quality-of-life analysis from CaPSURE. Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor","volume":"54","author":"Litwin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287211400492","article-title":"Erectile preservation following radical prostatectomy","volume":"3","author":"Segal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib7","first-page":"1776","article-title":"Cavernous nerve injury using rodent animal models","volume":"5","author":"Canguven","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.05.011","article-title":"Reduced efficacy of nitrergic neurotransmission exacerbates erectile dysfunction after penile nerve injury despite axonal regeneration","volume":"207","author":"Nangle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib9","first-page":"1722","article-title":"Regeneration of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerves after cavernous nerve neurotomy in the rat","volume":"153","author":"Carrier","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib10","first-page":"1175","article-title":"Penile weight and cell subtype specific changes in a post-radical prostatectomy model of erectile dysfunction","volume":"169","author":"User","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib11","first-page":"239","article-title":"Cavernous neurotomy causes hypoxia and fibrosis in rat corpus cavernosum","volume":"24","author":"Leungwattanakij","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Androl"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.07.033","article-title":"Efficacy of pioglitazone on erectile function recovery in a rat model of cavernous nerve injury","volume":"84","author":"Aliperti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.12.021","article-title":"Pioglitazone enhances survival and regeneration of pelvic ganglion neurons after cavernosal nerve injury","volume":"89","author":"Katz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-018-0054-2","article-title":"Pioglitazone's beneficial effects on erectile function preservation after cavernosal nerve injury in the rat are negated by inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor: A preclinical study","volume":"31","author":"Heidenberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15804","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16074-1","article-title":"Global and regional effects of bladder cancer risk associated with pioglitazone therapy in patients with diabetes","volume":"7","author":"Qu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13049","article-title":"Comparative safety of pioglitazone versus clinically meaningful treatment alternatives concerning the risk of bladder cancer in older US adults with type 2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Garry","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39244.394456.DB","article-title":"FDA places \u201cblack box\u201d warning on antidiabetes drugs","volume":"334","author":"Tanne","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib18","first-page":"2245","article-title":"Effect of cavernous nerve freezing on protein and gene expression of nitric oxide synthase in the rat penis and pelvic ganglia","volume":"160","author":"El-Sakka","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00407-5","article-title":"Possible molecular mechanisms of cryoablation-induced impotence in a rat model","volume":"52","author":"El-Sakka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900402","article-title":"IGF-I and TGF-beta2 have a key role on regeneration of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing nerves after cavernous neurotomy in rats","volume":"11","author":"Jung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90531-3","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) stimulates regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve","volume":"486","author":"Kanje","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90671-9","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) as a stimulator of regeneration in the freeze-injured rat sciatic nerve","volume":"485","author":"Sjoberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0282(1997)43:5<339::AID-BIP2>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Growth factor receptors: Structure, mechanism, and drug discovery","volume":"43","author":"McInnes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4285","article-title":"Insulin-like growth factor-I promotes proliferation and migration of cavernous smooth muscle cells","volume":"280","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901190","article-title":"Effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 complex in cavernous nerve cryoablation","volume":"16","author":"Bochinski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29501","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15704","article-title":"Update of IGF-1 receptor inhibitor (ganitumab, dalotuzumab, cixutumumab, teprotumumab and figitumumab) effects on cancer therapy","volume":"8","author":"Qu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.871","article-title":"Is there a role for IGF-1 in the development of second primary cancers?","volume":"5","author":"Shanmugalingam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2016.00997","article-title":"The effect of insulin like growth factor-1 on recovery of facial nerve crush injury","volume":"10","author":"Bayrak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.03.051","article-title":"Silicon microfluidic flow focusing devices for the production of size-controlled PLGA based drug loaded microparticles","volume":"467","author":"Keohane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.08.035","article-title":"The reliable targeting of specific drug release profiles by integrating arrays of different albumin-encapsulated microsphere types","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1021\/bc00034a002","article-title":"Biodegradable polymers for protein and peptide drug delivery","volume":"6","author":"Gombotz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bioconjug Chem"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1163\/1568562041526487","article-title":"Macroporous biodegradable natural\/synthetic hybrid scaffolds as small intestine submucosa impregnated poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) for tissue-engineered bone","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomater Sci Polym Ed"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011379108","article-title":"Targeted delivery of a cisplatin prodrug for safer and more effective prostate cancer therapy in\u00a0vivo","volume":"108","author":"Dhar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S121881","article-title":"Docetaxel-loaded PLGA and PLGA-PEG nanoparticles for intravenous application: Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution profile","volume":"12","author":"Rafiei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-016-0185-x","article-title":"Enhanced uptake and transport of PLGA-modified nanoparticles in cervical cancer","volume":"14","author":"Sims","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nanobiotechnology"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612821666150901100247","article-title":"Particulate systems based on poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic)Acid (pLGA) for immunotherapy of cancer","volume":"21","author":"Rahimian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2011.05.021","article-title":"Targeting dendritic cells with nano-particulate PLGA cancer vaccine formulations","volume":"63","author":"Hamdy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"025015","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/9\/2\/025015","article-title":"Retention of insulin-like growth factor I bioactivity during the fabrication of sintered polymeric scaffolds","volume":"9","author":"Clark","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Mater"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.12.004","article-title":"Sequential release of bioactive IGF-I and TGF-beta 1 from PLGA microsphere-based scaffolds","volume":"29","author":"Jaklenec","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.30813","article-title":"Gelatin-tricalcium phosphate membranes immobilized with NGF, BDNF, or IGF-1 for peripheral nerve repair: An in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo study","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomed Mater Res A"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(01)00054-7","article-title":"Controlled-release of IGF-I and TGF-beta1 in a photopolymerizing hydrogel for cartilage tissue engineering","volume":"19","author":"Elisseeff","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4936","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201305995","article-title":"Directed axonal outgrowth using a propagating gradient of IGF-1","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib43","first-page":"1915","article-title":"Nitric oxide-releasing polymeric microspheres improve diabetes-related erectile dysfunction","volume":"10","author":"Soni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib44","first-page":"5","article-title":"Neurturin enhances the recovery of erectile function following bilateral cavernous nerve crush injury in the rat","volume":"2","author":"Bella","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"2023012309520589800_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2016.08.023","article-title":"Characterizing release mechanisms of leuprolide acetate-loaded PLGA microspheres for IVIVC development I: In\u00a0vitro evaluation","volume":"244","author":"Hirota","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Control Release"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0939-6411(00)00099-0","article-title":"Polymer and microsphere blending to alter the release of a peptide from PLGA microspheres","volume":"50","author":"Ravivarapu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.01.009","article-title":"Sequential delivery of BMP-2 and IGF-1 using a chitosan gel with gelatin microspheres enhances early osteoblastic differentiation","volume":"8","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2013.0495","article-title":"Combined effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor immobilized poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid membrane with human adipose-derived stem cells and basic fibroblast growth factor hydrogel on recovery of erectile dysfunction","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.04.014","article-title":"Effect of local administration of insulin-like growth factor I combined with inside-out artery graft on peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"44","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.10.003","article-title":"Regeneration of the cavernous nerve by Sonic hedgehog using aligned peptide amphiphile nanofibers","volume":"32","author":"Angeloni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12060","article-title":"Have rates of erectile dysfunction improved within the past 17 years after radical prostatectomy? A systematic analysis of the control arms of prospective randomized trials on penile rehabilitation","volume":"3","author":"Schauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2015.72","article-title":"Landmarks in erectile function recovery after radical prostatectomy","volume":"12","author":"Weyne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(95)00116-A","article-title":"Differential spatio-temporal expression of the insulin-like growth factor genes in regenerating sciatic nerve","volume":"34","author":"Pu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-14516","article-title":"IGF-I and end-to-side nerve repair: A dose-response study","volume":"17","author":"Tiangco","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19981215)54:6<840::AID-JNR12>3.0.CO;2-L","article-title":"Systemic administration of insulin-like growth factor decreases motor neuron cell death and promotes muscle reinnervation","volume":"54","author":"Vergani","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci Res"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(95)00346-T","article-title":"Increase of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF binding protein-2 and -4 mRNAs following cerebral contusion","volume":"38","author":"Sandberg Nordqvist","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08575.x","article-title":"IGF-I promotes peripheral nervous system myelination","volume":"883","author":"Cheng","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-12-12","article-title":"Axonal outgrowth is associated with increased ERK 1\/2 activation but decreased caspase 3 linked cell death in Schwann cells after immediate nerve repair in rats","volume":"12","author":"Tsuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2015.10.057","article-title":"Effects of thiazolidinediones on metabolism and cancer: Relative influence of PPARgamma and IGF-1 signaling","volume":"768","author":"Mughal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr.2017.02.17","article-title":"Molecular heterogeneity of localized prostate cancer: More different than alike","volume":"6","author":"Tosoian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Cancer Res"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.05.014","article-title":"The diverse genomic landscape of clinically low-risk prostate cancer","volume":"74","author":"Cooperberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2023012309520589800_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36361","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.137661","article-title":"Thiazolidinediones up-regulate insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-independent pathway","volume":"285","author":"Higashi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609519300153?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609519300153?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/16\/3\/383\/48589673\/jsm_16_3_383.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/16\/3\/383\/48589673\/jsm_16_3_383.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T10:30:40Z","timestamp":1674469840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article\/16\/3\/383\/6980737"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.12.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-6109","1743-6095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-6109","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1743-6095","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1\u2013Loaded Polymeric Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Microspheres Improved Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Injury","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Sexual Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.12.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}