{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:45:44Z","timestamp":1788929144173,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsm.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The \u201cDunkelfeld\u201d project offers pharmacologic treatment and psychotherapy to self-referred pedophilic patients in an anonymous way.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To provide a re-assessment focusing on the crucial time \u00d7 group interaction (ie, the treatment effect).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A recent study reported on the effectiveness of the \u201cDunkelfeld\u201d program based on intermediate data of a treatment group (TG; n = 53) and a waiting-list control group (CG; n = 22). With psychological indicators, it was concluded that the therapy program changed dynamic risk factors that are associated with sexually offending against children. Although based on an independent groups pre-post design, the original report includes within-group pre- and post-comparisons only, as well as between-group comparisons at the pre- and post-treatment stages. In the current study, an effect size index was computed that compares the change occurring in both groups (TG and CG) with each other (Morris d). Moreover, 95% CI of d were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The analyses were limited to 12 dynamic risk factors pertaining to emotional dysfunction, offense-supportive attitudes, sexual dysregulation, impression management, and 2 types of delinquent behavior, including recent behavior related to sexual offenses against children and recent use of child sexual abuse images.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All 14 indicators showed weak treatment effects at most, with a median d of 0.30. None of the effect sizes was statistically significant (ie, in every case the 95% CI included 0). Further methodologic concerns include a familywise error rate close to 1 and too little statistical power to identify potential effects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>As far as dynamic risk factors are concerned, the data do not show that treatment within the \u201cDunkelfeld\u201d program leads to any reduction of the proneness to commit sexual offenses against children.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Strengths &amp; Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The current study adds crucial information lacking in the original analysis. Because the re-appraisal has the same limited statistical power as the original study, the current results are tentative in the sense that the possibility of the program being effective cannot be ruled out. A further limitation is that not all of the dynamic risk factors chosen as indicators of possible treatment success have been established as relevant for sexual (re-)offending in prior empirical studies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The outcome emphasizes the notion that independent groups pretest-posttest designs should be analyzed based on the treatment \u00d7 time interaction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.02.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]],"date-time":"2019-03-26T14:16:19Z","timestamp":1553609779000},"page":"609-613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The \u201cDunkelfeld\u201d Project for Self-Identified Pedophiles: A Reappraisal of its Effectiveness"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Mokros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversit\u00e4t in Hagen (University of Hagen) , Hagen , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Banse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12785","article-title":"The German Dunkelfeld project: A pilot study to prevent child sexual abuse and the use of child abusive images","volume":"12","author":"Beier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.04.002","article-title":"Encouraging self-identified pedophiles and hebephiles to seek professional help: First results of the Prevention Project Dunkelfeld (PPD)","volume":"33","author":"Beier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s11757-016-0358-3","article-title":"Leserbrief: Licht im Dunkelfeld\u2014erste Ergebnisse eines neues Pr\u00e4ventionsansatzes","volume":"10","author":"Beier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11757-015-0316-5","article-title":"Psychiatrischer Beitrag: \"Kein T\u00e4ter werden\"\u2014keine Effekte?","volume":"9","author":"K\u00f6nig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11757-016-0360-9","article-title":"Erwiderung: Eine methodenkritische Betrachtung der Effektivit\u00e4t des Pr\u00e4ventionsprojekts Dunkelfeld","volume":"10","author":"K\u00f6nig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014421","article-title":"The accuracy of recidivism risk assessments for sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of 118 prediction studies","volume":"21","author":"Hanson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Assessment"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063210366039","article-title":"Assessing risk for sexual recidivism: Some proposals on the nature of psychologically meaningful risk factors","volume":"22","author":"Mann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sex Abuse"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.1.105","article-title":"Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs","volume":"7","author":"Morris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1159\/000288391","article-title":"On a nonparametric combination method for dependent permutation tests with applications","volume":"54","author":"Pesarin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib11","article-title":"Impact evaluation of the prison-based Core Sex Offender Treatment Programme","author":"Mews","year":"2017"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.02.007","article-title":"ANCOVA versus change from baseline had more power in randomized studies and more bias in nonrandomized studies","volume":"59","author":"van Breukelen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.09.001","article-title":"Reduction of risk factors for pedophilic sexual offending","volume":"15","author":"Engel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0652-8","article-title":"Regression to the mean mimicking changes in sexual arousal to child stimuli in pedophiles","volume":"45","author":"Mokros","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib15","author":"Lilienfeld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science and pseudoscience in clinical psychology"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib16","first-page":"CD007507","article-title":"Psychological interventions for adults who have sexually offended or are at risk of offending","volume":"12","author":"Dennis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib17","article-title":"Future directions in sexual offending: Is treatment effective?","author":"Gannon","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024051609554626900_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000454","article-title":"The predictive properties of dynamic sex offender risk assessment instruments: A meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"van den Berg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Assessment"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609519304114?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609519304114?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/16\/5\/609\/57701633\/jsm_16_5_609.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/16\/5\/609\/57701633\/jsm_16_5_609.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T09:56:10Z","timestamp":1715853370000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article\/16\/5\/609\/6819837"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.02.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-6109","1743-6095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-6109","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1743-6095","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The \u201cDunkelfeld\u201c Project for Self-Identified Pedophiles: A\u00a0Reappraisal of its Effectiveness","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Sexual Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.02.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}