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Animals were randomized into 4 groups: a quadrupedal stepping group (SCI\u00a0+ QT), a forelimb-only exercise group (SCI\u00a0+ FT), a non-trained harnessed group (SCI\u00a0+ NT), and a home cage non-trained group (SCI\u00a0+ HC). The 2 non-trained groups were combined (SCI) post hoc. Daily training sessions were 60 minutes in duration for 8 weeks. Urine samples were collected during bi-weekly 24-hour metabolic cage behavioral testing. Latency, numbers of penile dorsiflexion, and glans cupping were recorded during bi-weekly penile dorsiflexion reflex (PDFR) testing. Terminal electromyography (EMG) recordings of the bulbospongiosus muscle (BSM) were recorded in response to stimulation of the dorsal nerve of the penis (DNP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title><jats:p>ABT after SCI had a significant effect on PDFR, as well as BSM EMG latency and burst duration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SCI causes a significant decrease in the latency to onset of PDFR. After 8 weeks of ABT, SCI\u00a0+ QT animals had a significantly increased latency relative to the post-SCI baseline. BSM EMG response to DNP stimulation had a significantly decreased latency and increase in average and maximum amplitude in SCI\u00a0+ QT animals. SCI animals had a significantly longer burst duration than trained animals. Time between PDFR events, penile dorsiflexion, glans cupping, and urine testosterone were not affected by ABT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>ABT has a positive influence on sexual function and provides a potential therapy to enhance the efficacy of current sexual dysfunction therapies in the male SCI population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Strengths and Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several significant small improvements in sexual function were found in a clinically relevant rat model of SCI using a readily available rehabilitative therapy. The limited findings could reflect insensitivity of the PDFR as a measure of erectile function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results indicate that task-specific stepping and\/or loading provide sensory input to the spinal cord impacting the neural circuitry responsible for sexual function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.05.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,2]],"date-time":"2019-07-02T21:11:52Z","timestamp":1562101912000},"page":"1143-1154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Activity-Based Training Alters Penile Reflex Responses in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Casey J.","family":"Steadman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology , Louisville, KY , USA"},{"name":"University of Louisville , 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