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Latent class growth analysis was conducted to identify homogeneous subgroups with distinct pain trajectories. A multivariate binomial logistic regression was used to examine whether treatments, pain characteristics, and psychosocial factors predicted these trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The main outcome was pain intensity (0\u201310), measured at 3 time points with the numerical rating scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2 pain trajectories were identified: 1 where pain persisted (28.9%), and 1 where pain decreased over time (71.1%). Whether a treatment had been undertaken was not predictive of the course of pain over time. Women who were older at first pain onset, had pain at another location than the entrance of the vagina, and reported more anxiety were more likely to have a persistent pain trajectory relative to the decreased pain trajectory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that the evolution of pain differs among women with vulvodynia depending on pain characteristics and anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Strengths &amp; Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Strengths of the study include the 7-year longitudinal design to examine the natural history of provoked vestibulodynia and the inclusion of biopsychosocial factors as predictors of pain trajectories. However, women with major medical and psychiatric illnesses or deep dyspareunia were not included, and, thus, these factors could not be examined as predictors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessing baseline characteristics associated with different pain trajectories during medical visits could have positive implications for the management of vulvodynia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.07.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T08:20:09Z","timestamp":1566548409000},"page":"1606-1614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Pain Trajectories and Predictors: A 7-Year Longitudinal Study of Women With Vulvodynia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Myriam","family":"P\u00e2quet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Quebec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Pier","family":"Vaillancourt-Morel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Quebec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Jodouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Quebec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Steben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Quebec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Quebec , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012309523980600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.09.033","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of vulvodynia: population-based estimates from 2 geographic regions","volume":"210","author":"Harlow","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023012309523980600_bib2","first-page":"607","article-title":"2015 ISSVD, ISSWSH, and IPPS consensus terminology and classification of persistent vulvar pain and vulvodynia","volume":"13","author":"Bornstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309523980600_bib3","first-page":"572","article-title":"Vulvodynia: Assessment and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Goldstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309523980600_bib4","first-page":"291","article-title":"Vulvodynia: Definition, prevalence, impact, and pathophysiological factors","volume":"13","author":"Pukall","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309523980600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5397","article-title":"Remission, relapse, and persistence of vulvodynia: A longitudinal population-based study","volume":"25","author":"Reed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"key":"2023012309523980600_bib6","first-page":"3080","article-title":"Women with provoked vestibulodynia experience clinically significant reductions in pain regardless of treatment: Results from a 2-year follow-up study","volume":"10","author":"Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023012309523980600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318180965b","article-title":"Vulvodynia incidence and remission rates among adult women: A 2-year follow-up study","volume":"112","author":"Reed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023012309523980600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.0677","article-title":"Assessment of vulvodynia symptoms in a sample of U.S. women: A follow-up national incidence survey","volume":"17","author":"Sutton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Womens Health"},{"key":"2023012309523980600_bib9","first-page":"1403","article-title":"Topical nifedipine for the treatment of localized provoked vulvodynia: A placebo-controlled study","volume":"11","author":"Bornstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pain"},{"key":"2023012309523980600_bib10","first-page":"2523","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type A\u2014A novel treatment for provoked vestibulodynia? 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