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Possible resistance to extinction of conditioned human sexual response has, however, not been studied using extensive extinction trials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study resistance to extinction of conditioned sexual response in men and women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy sexually functional men (N\u00a0=\u00a034) and women (N\u00a0=\u00a032) participated in a differential conditioning experiment, with neutral pictures as conditioned stimuli (CSs) and genital vibrostimulation as unconditioned stimulus. Only one CS (the CS+) was followed by the unconditioned stimulus during the acquisition phase.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Penile circumference and vaginal pulse amplitude were assessed, and ratings of affective value and subjective sexual arousal were obtained. In addition, a stimulus response compatibility task was included to assess automatic approach and avoidance tendencies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Men and women rated the CS+\u00a0as more positive than the CS\u2212 during all 24 extinction trials and demonstrated a slight tendency to approach the CS+\u00a0directly after the extinction procedure. Participants rated the CS+\u00a0as more sexually arousing than the CS\u2212 during 20 extinction trials. No evidence was found for conditioned genital sexual response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Learned sexual evaluations may be difficult to modify through an extinction procedure; therefore, unwanted but persistent subjective sexual evaluations may be better targeted by interventions such as the deployment of emotion regulation strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Strength &amp; Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extensive extinction trials were used; however, only relatively short-term effects within one experimental session were studied and there was no (unpaired) control condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results provide evidence that conditioned sexual likes are relatively persistent, also at the behavioral level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.12.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,11]],"date-time":"2020-01-11T12:46:21Z","timestamp":1578746781000},"page":"505-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evidence for Persistence of Sexual Evaluative Learning Effects"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Both","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Gynecology and Sexology , Leiden, \u00a0 The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden, \u00a0 The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirte","family":"Brom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Gynecology and Sexology , Leiden, \u00a0 The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden, \u00a0 The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Laan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology , Amsterdam, \u00a0 The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Medical Centre , Amsterdam, \u00a0 The Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, \u00a0 The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Everaerd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Clinical Psychology , Amsterdam, \u00a0 The Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, \u00a0 The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Spinhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology , Leiden, \u00a0 The Netherlands"},{"name":"Clinical Psychology Unit , Leiden, \u00a0 The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden University , Leiden, \u00a0 The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry , Leiden, \u00a0 The Netherlands"},{"name":"Leiden University Medical Centre , Leiden, \u00a0 The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011111075664500_bib1","article-title":"Conditioned reflexes","author":"Pavlov","year":"1927"},{"key":"2023011111075664500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1037\/h0036330","article-title":"Motivational view of learning, performance, and behavior-modification","volume":"81","author":"Bindra","year":"1974","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2023011111075664500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-012-9935-5","article-title":"Who, what, where, when (and maybe even why)? 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