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PVN microinjection was performed to evaluate the role of GABA receptors on sexual behavior.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The outcomes include differences in expression and distribution of GABA receptors and norepinephrine level among the 3 groups and changes in copulation behavior parameters after PVN microinjection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Compared with \u201cnormal\u201d rats, the \u201crapid\u201d group ejaculated more times with shorter latency (P &amp;lt; .001, P &amp;lt; .001) and had lower expression and distribution of both GABA-A and GABA-B receptors, while the opposed results appeared in the \u201csluggish\u201d group. The norepinephrine level was successively increased among \u201csluggish,\u201d \u201cnormal,\u201d and \u201crapid\u201d rats (P &amp;lt; .001) and correlated with ejaculation frequency (r = 0.896, P &amp;lt; .001) and ejaculation latency (r = \u22120.835, P &amp;lt; .001). In addition, bilateral microinjection of the GABA-A and GABA-B receptor agonist (isoguvacine and baclofen) into the PVN both significantly prolonged the intromission latency and inhibited ejaculation, which could be blocked by antagonist gabazine and CGP-35348, respectively. Vigabatrin, the GABA-transaminase inhibitor, caused a significantly reduced ejaculation frequency and extended ejaculation latency in rats, which could be offset by simultaneous injections of gabazine and CGP-35348.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings provide new understanding about GABA receptors in the PVN on sexual behavior and enhance the comprehension of neurobiological mechanisms involved in premature ejaculation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Strengths &amp; Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results have indicated that GABA receptors in the PVN may inhibit ejaculation through restraining the activity of SNS. However, our study did not analyze the changes of GABA receptors in other brain areas, which needs further study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ejaculation behaviors in male rats are associated with SNS activity and could be regulated by GABA receptors in the PVN, which may be of assistance in the treatment of ejaculation disorders in the future.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.01.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T08:46:11Z","timestamp":1581065171000},"page":"614-622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Inhibitory Role of Gamma-Aminobutyric Receptors in Paraventricular Nucleus on Ejaculatory Responses in 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