{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T19:17:02Z","timestamp":1770491822994,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ghent University"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004385","name":"Universiteit Gent","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsm.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Whereas mounting work has begun to document the neural correlates underlying sexual arousal (SA) in humans, the associations between gender identity and the brain correlates of SA as well as their hormonal contributions remain unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study investigated neural activation to sexual arousal in transgender and cisgender persons.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>20 transgender men and 19 transgender women (TW) already living in their identified gender were compared to 21 cisgender men (CM) and 19 cisgender women. Participants viewed erotic and neutral video clips while undergoing 3\u00a0Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Group-specific brain activation, brain functional connectivity, and brain-hormone associations within the neurophenomenological model of sexual arousal (Stoleru et\u00a0al, 2012).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Consistent with the model, participants activated most of its components. However, between-group differences were mostly showing larger activation for CM relative to any of the other 3 groups. Moreover, functional connectivity analyses (psychophysiological interactions) indicated unique patterns for CM, cisgender women, and TW in how different components of SA communicated with one another. Finally, androgens in transgender men and estrogens in TW correlated negatively with parietal cortex and primary (sensori-) motor regions, respectively, while CM showed positive correlations of androgens with parietal cortex, somatosensory regions, and the insula.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Implications<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data provide information on neurobiological changes in sexual arousal during treatment with gender-affirming hormone therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Strengths &amp; Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although a limitation is the lack of pretreatment data, the present study provides comprehensive information including brain activation, functional connectivity, and hormonal associations in a large sample.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results highlight a complex picture of the neural correlates of SA in gender identity and sex assigned at birth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.08.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T15:09:44Z","timestamp":1605884984000},"page":"2495-2507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Neural and Hormonal Correlates of Sexual Arousal in Transgender Persons"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sven C.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology , Ghent, , Belgium"},{"name":"Ghent University , Ghent, , Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment , Bilbao, , Spain"},{"name":"University of Deusto , Bilbao, , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katrien","family":"Wierckx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology & Center for Sexology and Gender , Ghent, , Belgium"},{"name":"Ghent University Hospital , Ghent, , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"T'Sjoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology & Center for Sexology and Gender , Ghent, , Belgium"},{"name":"Ghent University Hospital , Ghent, , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.03.006","article-title":"Functional neuroimaging studies of sexual arousal and orgasm in healthy men and women: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Stoleru","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2016.10.001","article-title":"The neural basis of sex differences in sexual behavior: a quantitative meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Poeppl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib3","first-page":"142","article-title":"Hormonal treatment effect on sexual distress in transgender persons: 2-year follow-up data","volume":"17","author":"Ristori","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib4","first-page":"411","article-title":"Sexual desire changes in transgender individuals upon initiation of hormone treatment: results from the Longitudinal European Network for the investigation of gender incongruence","volume":"43","author":"Defreyne","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-015-1547-z","article-title":"Neural activation-based sexual orientation and its correlation with free testosterone level in postoperative female-to-male transsexuals: preliminary study with 3.0-T fMRI","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2012.13.3.257","article-title":"Brain activation in response to visually evoked sexual arousal in male-to-female transsexuals: 3.0 tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"13","author":"Oh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib7","first-page":"440","article-title":"Specific cerebral activation due to visual erotic stimuli in male-to-female transsexuals compared with male and female controls: an fMRI study","volume":"6","author":"Gizewski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15671","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1904975116","article-title":"Neural substrates of sexual arousal are not sex dependent","volume":"116","author":"Mitricheva","year":"2019","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib9","first-page":"627","article-title":"Altered appetitive conditioning and neural connectivity in subjects with compulsive sexual behavior","volume":"13","author":"Klucken","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105336","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105336","article-title":"Brain networks during free viewing of complex erotic movie: new insights on psychogenic erectile dysfunction","volume":"9","author":"Cera","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2016.27","article-title":"Neural pathways in processing of sexual arousal: a dynamic causal modeling study","volume":"28","author":"Seok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83297-X","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the M.I.N.I. international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): according to the SCID-P","volume":"12","author":"Sheehan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-18-j0001.2001","article-title":"Neural correlates of conscious self-regulation of emotion","volume":"21","author":"Beauregard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib14","first-page":"74","article-title":"Differences in sexual orientation diversity and sexual fluidity in attractions among gender minority adults in Massachusetts","volume":"53","author":"Katz-Wise","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Res"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf108","article-title":"Brain activation and sexual arousal in healthy, heterosexual males","volume":"125","author":"Arnow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18372-0","article-title":"Neural correlates of sexual orientation in heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual women","volume":"8","author":"Safron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00169-1","article-title":"An automated method for neuroanatomic and cytoarchitectonic atlas-based interrogation of fMRI data sets","volume":"19","author":"Maldjian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020107","article-title":"Functional and effective connectivity in neuroimaging: a synthesis","volume":"2","author":"Friston","year":"2004","journal-title":"HumBrain Mapp"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.068","article-title":"A\u00a0generalized form of context-dependent psychophysiological interactions (gPPI): a comparison to standard approaches","volume":"61","author":"McLaren","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2012.02.034","article-title":"Development of highly sensitive method for the quantification of estrone and estradiol in serum by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry without derivatization","volume":"893","author":"Fiers","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib21","first-page":"107","article-title":"Sexual desire in trans persons: associations with sex reassignment treatment","volume":"11","author":"Wierckx","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sex Med"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23133","article-title":"Testosterone affects language areas of the adult human brain","volume":"37","author":"Hahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"HumBrain Mapp"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs222","article-title":"Sex differences in the human brain and the impact of sex chromosomes and sex hormones","volume":"23","author":"Lentini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54447","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054447","article-title":"Neural correlates of erotic stimulation under different levels of female sexual hormones","volume":"8","author":"Abler","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023011111071579100_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14420","article-title":"Cross sex hormone treatment is linked with a reversal of cerebral patterns associated with gender dysphoria to the baseline of cisgender controls","volume":"50","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Sexual Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609520308936?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1743609520308936?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/17\/12\/2495\/48526046\/jsm_17_12_2495.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article-pdf\/17\/12\/2495\/48526046\/jsm_17_12_2495.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T14:47:58Z","timestamp":1675954078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jsm\/article\/17\/12\/2495\/6973586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.08.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1743-6109","1743-6095"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1743-6109","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1743-6095","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neural and Hormonal Correlates of Sexual Arousal in Transgender Persons","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Sexual Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.08.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 International Society for Sexual Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}