{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T07:08:28Z","timestamp":1765004908858,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016300","name":"Octapharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016300","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004324","name":"Astellas Pharma US","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001003","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002491","name":"Bristol-Myers Squibb","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002491","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008322","name":"CSL Behring","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsm.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The demand for gender-affirming hormone therapy is increasing worldwide prompting a growing requirement for solid evidence for efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to report on the organization of transgender care and the current clinical practice of feminizing hormone therapy in specialized clinics in the Nordic countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was a cross-sectional study performed as a questionnaire survey. A quantitative questionnaire was sent to 15 specialized clinics prescribing feminizing hormone therapy in the Nordic countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve clinics responded to the inquiry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The answers showed great variance in both number of clinics in each country as well as number of doctors responsible for prescribing gender-affirming hormone therapy. There was great difference in the width of the target ranges for estrogen plasma concentrations and in preferred route of administration for estrogens. Likewise, the risk assessment and monitoring of side effects were diverse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>To gather solid data on efficacy and safety of feminizing hormone therapy, the treatment regimens and the recording of side effects need to be consistent across the clinics responsible for the treatment of transfeminine patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Strenghts &amp; Limitations: This is to our knowledge the first report on treatment regimens for feminizing hormone treatment in the Nordic countries. The response rate was 80%; however, the included clinics only cover approximately 30% of the expected numbers of transfeminine individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the great diversity across clinics as regard to organization of clinics and to treatment regimens, the vast majority of clinics operated within the guidelines defined by The Endocrine Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.12.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T15:26:56Z","timestamp":1612970816000},"page":"656-663","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Current Treatment Regimens for Transfeminine Individuals in the Nordic Countries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Johanne Andersen","family":"Hojbjerg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia Lisby","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexological Centre, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne-Mette","family":"Hvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus N , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid Ditte","family":"Hojgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexological Centre, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041407090270100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2018.0019","article-title":"Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Transgender Adults in Australia","volume":"3","author":"Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transgend Health"},{"key":"2023041407090270100_","first-page":"33","article-title":"Increasing rates of people identifying as transgender presenting to Endocrine Services in the Wellington region","volume":"131","author":"Delahunt","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"2023041407090270100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.04.005","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies in transsexualism","volume":"30","author":"Arcelus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023041407090270100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303578","article-title":"Transgender Population Size in the United States: a Meta-Regression of Population-Based Probability Samples","volume":"107","author":"Meerwijk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"year":"2016","author":"Flores","article-title":"How many adults identify as transgender in the United States?","key":"2023041407090270100_"},{"year":"2016","author":"Glen","article-title":"Technical note: Measuring Gender Identity","key":"2023041407090270100_"},{"year":"2019","author":"Frisch","article-title":"Sex i Danmark. 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