{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:56:01Z","timestamp":1764784561201},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsm.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>BDSM is an acronym describing bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism. Afflicting or receiving pain is usually an important part of the BDSM interaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research will focus on better understanding the aspect of pain within a BDSM interaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Submissive and dominant counterparts of 35 couples were recruited to participate in a BDSM interaction, of which 34 dominants and 33 submissives were included in the analyses. A non-BDSM interested control group (n = 27) was included to control for social interaction, of which 24 were included in the analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research investigates the differences in (i) baseline pain thresholds, (ii) the impact of a BDSM interaction on those thresholds, and (iii) threshold moderating factors like pain cognition between submissive and dominant BDSM participants and control individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>BDSM practitioners have a higher pain threshold overall and a BSDM interaction will result in a temporary elevation of pain thresholds for submissives. Additionally, pain thresholds in dominants will be dependent upon their fear of pain and tendency to catastrophize pain and submissives will experience less fear of pain than the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>By further enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms behind a BDSM interaction in this way, we aspire to relieve the stigma these practitioners still endure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Strengths &amp; Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is one of the first studies of its kind with a large sample size compared to similar research, which makes it a significant contribution to the field. It must be mentioned that there is a possible selection bias because recruitment was only done through the Flemish BDSM community and specifically those who visit clubs. Additionally, pain threshold remains a subjective measurement, which must be taken into account.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study helps shed further light on the biological processes behind a BDSM interaction through pain threshold measurements.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2021.01.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T08:10:11Z","timestamp":1614327011000},"page":"556-564","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Beyond Pain: A Study on the Variance of Pain Thresholds Within BDSM Interactions in Dominants and Submissives"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Elise","family":"Wuyts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nele","family":"De Neef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Europe Hospitals, Campus St Michel , Brussels , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Violette","family":"Coppens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium"},{"name":"University Department of Psychiatry, Campus Duffel , Duffel , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alana","family":"Schuerwegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Forensic Centre, University Hospital Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"de Zeeuw-Jans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Tilburg , Tilburg , Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Van Der Pol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VZW Club 78\/Fetish Club 78 , Ham , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Morrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Drie Eiken, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium"},{"name":"University Department of Psychiatry, Campus Duffel , Duffel , Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041407082204100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2019.02.002","article-title":"Bondage-Discipline, Dominance-Submission and Sadomasochism (BDSM) From an Integrative Biopsychosocial Perspective: A Systematic Review","volume":"7","author":"De Neef","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Med"},{"key":"2023041407082204100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2018.1558437","article-title":"A Survey on BDSM-related Activities: BDSM Experience Correlates with Age of First Exposure, Interest Profile, and Role Identity","volume":"57","author":"Coppens","year":"2020","journal-title":"J sex Res"},{"key":"2023041407082204100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001939","article-title":"The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises","volume":"161","author":"Raja","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2023041407082204100_","article-title":"Textbook of pain","author":"Wall","year":"1999","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"2023041407082204100_","article-title":"Pain management : from basics to clinical practice","author":"Hughes","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023041407082204100_","first-page":"35","article-title":"Themes of SM expression","author":"Kleinplatz","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023041407082204100_","first-page":"1","article-title":"What Is So Appealing About Being Spanked, Flogged, Dominated, or Restrained? 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