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Androgens were measured with liquid chromatography\u2212mass spectrometry and electrochemiluminescence. The associations between the 4 measured androgens (testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate) and sexual function were assessed with generalized least squares random effects regression analysis in sexually active women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome measure was the mean change observed in the FSFI total score when the serum androgen levels changed with one unit. Secondary outcomes were the corresponding mean changes in the FSFI domain scores: sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain\/discomfort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the 99 participants, the median FSFI total score decreased from 21.9 (range 2.0 \u2013 36.0) to 16.4 (3.5 \u2013 34.5) and 11.5 (2.0 to 34.8) at 1 and 2-years follow-up. After adjustment for age, partner, psychological well-being, preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy, and surgery, total testosterone and androstenedione were significantly associated with FSFI total score (\u03b2-coefficients 3.45 (95% CI 0.92 \u2013 5.97) and 1.39 (0.46 \u2013 2.33) respectively). Testosterone was significantly associated with the FSFI-domains lubrication and orgasm, free testosterone with lubrication, androstenedione with all domains except desire and satisfaction, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate with none of the domains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Strengths and Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study investigating whether androgen levels are of importance for the impaired sexual function seen in women following rectal cancer treatment. The prospective design allows for repeated measures and the use of the FSFI for comparisons across studies. No laboratory data were collected at the 2-year follow-up, and the missing data could have further clarified the studied associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Implication<\/jats:title><jats:p>Testosterone and androstenedione were associated with sexual function in female rectal cancer patients. The results are of interest for future intervention studies and contribute to the understanding of sexual problems, which is an essential component of the rehabilitation process in pelvic cancer survivors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2021.05.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T07:01:41Z","timestamp":1626591701000},"page":"1374-1382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of Androgens on Sexual Function in Women with Rectal Cancer \u2013 A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Annika","family":"Svanstr\u00f6m R\u00f6jvall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, GI Oncology Unit, St G\u00f6ran\u2019s Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Buchli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit , Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelique","family":"Fl\u00f6ter R\u00e5destad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hereditary Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Martling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pelvic Cancer, GI Oncology and Colorectal Surgery Unit , 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