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Low-intensity electrostimulation (LIES) has been shown to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration, however, its application on cavernous nerves (CN) has never been investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether LIES enhances CN regeneration, improves erectile function (EF) recovery, and prevents corpora cavernosal remodeling after CN injury, which is a principal factor for ED following RP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into Sham, Bilateral Cavernous Nerve Injury (BCNI), and BCNI + LIES (1V, 0.1ms, 12Hz, 1h\/day). After 7days, EF was assessed (ICP measurement). Penes and CN were collected for molecular analyses of TGF-\u03b21, Il-6, CRP, eNOS, ERK and AKT protein levels in corpus cavernosum (CC), and immunohistological analysis of DHE, total collagen and \u03b1-SMA in CC and S-100, Tub-III, DAPI, TUNEL, and nNOS in CN.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title><jats:p>Effects of LIES on EF, erectile tissue remodeling and CN structure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>EF was decreased (P &amp;lt; .05) 7 days after BCNI and increased (P &amp;lt; .05) by LIES. Intracavernosal reactive oxygen species (DHE) was increased (P &amp;lt; .05) after BCNI and normalized by LIES. Protein expressions of TGF-\u03b21, IL-6, and CRP were increased in the penis (P &amp;lt; .05) after BCNI and normalized by LIES. The \u03b1-SMA and\/or total collagen ratio was decreased (P &amp;lt; .05) after BCNI in the penis and normalized by LIES. Protein expression ratio of p-ERK\/ERK and p-AKT\/AKT did not change after BCNI but increased (P &amp;lt; .05) in LIES group. Myelination and number of nNOS positive cells in the CN were decreased (P &amp;lt; .05) after BCNI and normalized by LIES. The number of apoptotic nerve cells within the dorsal penile nerve was increased (P &amp;lt; .05) after BCNI and decreased (P &amp;lt; .05) by LIES compared to the BCNI group. There were no differences in eNOS expression in the penis between study groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Translation<\/jats:title><jats:p>LIES may offer a potential new tool for penile rehabilitation and ED management following RP, potentially enhancing EF recovery and minimizing the side effects of this surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Strengths &amp; Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides evidence of the protective effect of LIES on EF and tissue remodeling following CN injury; nevertheless, this study has been conducted on animals and the translation to humans remains to be demonstrated. Further research to identify the underlying mechanisms of action is required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates that LIES of the CN after CN injury protects CN structure, enhances EF recovery, and prevents corpora cavernosal remodeling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2022.02.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T13:03:17Z","timestamp":1647003797000},"page":"686-696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Low-Intensity Electrostimulation Enhances Neuroregeneration and Improves Erectile Function in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mikael","family":"Sturny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Department of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology , Lausanne , Switzerland"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serkan","family":"Karakus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Fraga-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Department of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology , Lausanne , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Stergiopulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne, Department of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology , Lausanne , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur L.","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041407190689600_","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Sexual dysfunction after radical prostatectomy","volume":"7","author":"McCullough","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"2023041407190689600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2015.72","article-title":"Landmarks in erectile function recovery after radical prostatectomy","volume":"12","author":"Weyne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev 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