{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T12:22:40Z","timestamp":1740140560868,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,14]],"date-time":"2023-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":226,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695945600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":394,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N66001-20-C-4050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N66001-20-C-4050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000185","name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N66001-20-C-4050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N66001-20-C-4050"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jsm.jsexmed.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vaginal lubrication and contractions are among the top difficulties affecting sexual intercourse in women after spinal cord injury.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed at determining if pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS) can improve vaginal lubrication and induce increases in vaginal pressure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In anesthetized cats, a small piece of cotton was inserted into the vagina for 10 minutes with or without PNS to measure vaginal wetness by the weight increase of the vaginal cotton. Then, a small balloon catheter was inserted into the vagina to measure the pressure increase induced by PNS. Intensity response of the vagina to PNS (30 Hz, 0.2 ms, 5 seconds) was determined at 1\u20134 times of intensity threshold (T) for PNS to induce an observable vaginal pressure increase. Frequency response was determined at 2T intensity in a range of PNS frequencies (5\u201350 Hz). Finally, fatigue in vaginal pressure was determined by applying PNS (30 Hz, 2T) either continuously or intermittently (5 seconds on and 5 seconds off) for 4 minutes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effectiveness of PNS in increasing vaginal wetness and pressure is evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PNS significantly (P = .0327) increased the measurement of vaginal wetness from 15.8 \u00b1 3.8 mg during control without stimulation to 32.4 \u00b1 4.7 mg after stimulation. Vaginal pressure increased as PNS intensity or frequency increased. PNS (30 Hz, 2T) induced vaginal pressure increase \u226580% of the maximal response. Intermittent PNS induced significantly (P = .0354) smaller fatigue (45.6 \u00b1 3.7%) in vaginal pressure than continuous PNS (69.1 \u00b1 3.0%) during the 4-minute stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Translation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study raises the possibility of developing a novel pudendal neuromodulation device to improve female sexual function after spinal cord injury.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Strengths &amp; Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study provides preclinical data supporting the development of a novel pudendal neuromodulation device. The limitation includes the lack of chemical analysis of the vaginal secretion.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PNS can improve vaginal lubrication and induce increases in vaginal pressure.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2022.07.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T23:50:05Z","timestamp":1661989805000},"page":"1517-1523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Vaginal Lubrication and Pressure Increase Induced by Pudendal Nerve Stimulation in Cats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jialiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yihua","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University , Beijing , PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Beckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"de Groat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Chermansky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changfeng","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , 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