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Erectile function in vivo in rats was assessed by intracavernosal pressure (ICP) responses to cavernous nerve electrical stimulation (CNES). Expression of STIM\/Orai elements in HCC was determined by immunofluorescence and immunoblot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Functional responses in RCC, HCC and HPRA and STIM\/Orai protein expression in HCC. In vivo erectile responses to CNES.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inhibition of Orai channels with YM-58483 (20 \u00b5M) significantly reduced adrenergic contractions in RCC but more effectively in DM. Thromboxane-induced and neurogenic contractions were reduced by STIM\/Orai inhibition while defective endothelial, neurogenic and PDE5 inhibitor-induced relaxations were enhanced by YM-58483 (10 \u00b5M) in RCC from DM rats. In vivo, YM-58483 caused erections and attenuated diabetes-related impairment of erectile responses. YM-58483 potentiated the effects of PDE5 inhibition. In human tissues, STIM\/Orai inhibition depressed adrenergic and thromboxane-induced contractions in ED patients more effectively in those with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes was associated with increased expression of Orai1 and Orai3 in ED patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Translation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Targeting STIM\/Orai to alleviate diabetes-related functional alterations of penile vascular tissue could improve erectile function and potentiate therapeutic effects of PDE5 inhibitors in diabetic ED.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Strengths and Limitations<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improving effects of STIM\/Orai inhibition on diabetes-related functional impairment was evidenced in vitro and in vivo in an animal model and validated in human tissues from ED patients. Functional findings were complemented with expression results. Main limitation was low numbers of human experiments due to limited human tissue availability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>STIM\/Orai inhibition alleviated alterations of functional responses in vitro and improved erectile responses in vivo in diabetic rats, potentiating the effects of PDE5 inhibition. STIM\/Orai inhibition was validated as a target to modulate functional alterations of human penile vascular tissue in diabetic ED where Orai1 and Orai3 channels were upregulated. STIM\/Orai inhibition could be a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome poor response to conventional ED therapy in diabetic patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2022.08.200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T23:32:25Z","timestamp":1664667145000},"page":"1733-1749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["STIM\/Orai Inhibition as a Strategy for Alleviating Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction Through Modulation of Rat and Human Penile Tissue Contractility and<i>in vivo<\/i>Potentiation of Erectile Responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Sevilleja-Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para la Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal , Madrid , Spain"},{"name":"Servicio de Histolog\u00eda-Investigaci\u00f3nUnidad de 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