{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T12:50:58Z","timestamp":1765371058737,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Translational Autoimmunity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T05:23:24Z","timestamp":1763184204000},"page":"100333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mendelian randomization study of the causal relationship between autoimmune diseases and anemia using proteomic and genetic data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5437-0678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01207-2","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases: targets, biology, and drug discovery","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2015.33","article-title":"Autoimmune diseases - connecting risk alleles with molecular traits of the immune system","volume":"17","author":"Gutierrez-Arcelus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"issue":"6644","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg2992","article-title":"Common genetic factors among autoimmune diseases","volume":"380","author":"Harroud","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2022.102266","article-title":"The increasing prevalence of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases: an urgent call to action for improved understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention","volume":"80","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez103","article-title":"Interhospital variation in mortality among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and sepsis in the USA","volume":"58","author":"Tektonidou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e713","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00160-6","article-title":"Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990-2021: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"10","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11091345","article-title":"Mendelian randomization and GWAS Meta analysis revealed the risk-increasing effect of schizophrenia on cancers","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib8","first-page":"962","article-title":"Commentary: mendelian randomization-inspired causal inference in the absence of genetic data","volume":"46","author":"Zuccolo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09457-9","article-title":"Causal relationship between genetically predicted depression and cancer risk: a two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization","volume":"22","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib10","article-title":"Mendelian randomization","volume":"12","author":"Birney","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408","article-title":"The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome","volume":"7","author":"Hemani","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01646-1","article-title":"Mendelian randomization evidence for the causal effects of socio-economic inequality on human longevity among Europeans","volume":"7","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr036","article-title":"Avoiding bias from weak instruments in Mendelian randomization studies","volume":"40","author":"Burgess","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7659","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11720-9","article-title":"A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis of modifiable risk factors and intracranial aneurysms","volume":"12","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04763-5","article-title":"Association of autoimmune diseases with the occurrence and 28-day mortality of sepsis: an observational and Mendelian randomization study","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-020-00547-7","article-title":"Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of alopecia areata: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"21","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05722-5","article-title":"Obesity in late adolescence and incident type 1 diabetes in young adulthood","volume":"65","author":"Zucker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080","article-title":"Mendelian randomization with invalid instruments: effect estimation and bias detection through egger regression","volume":"44","author":"Bowden","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e422","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30567-5","article-title":"Current gaps in sepsis immunology: new opportunities for translational research","volume":"19","author":"Rubio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2020.100864","article-title":"Iron in infection and immunity","volume":"75","author":"Nairz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Aspect. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib21","first-page":"S74","article-title":"Neonatal lupus erythematosus: a 20-year retrospective study","volume":"97","author":"Singalavanija","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Assoc. Thail."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605221088560","article-title":"Factors influencing the sharp score of 1057 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and anemia: a retrospective study","volume":"50","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib23","first-page":"539","article-title":"[hematological abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]","volume":"19","author":"Garc\u00eda Tello","year":"2002","journal-title":"An Med Interna"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib24","first-page":"380","article-title":"Anemia in early rheumatoid arthritis is associated with interleukin 6-mediated bone marrow suppression, but has no effect on disease course or mortality","volume":"35","author":"Nikolaisen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib25","first-page":"58","article-title":"Anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: an under-estimated problem?","volume":"1","author":"Rogler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"8. Vyp. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.17116\/jnevro201811808210","article-title":"[anemia and dysregulation of iron metabolism in multiple sclerosis]","volume":"118","author":"Belova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zh. Nevrol. Psikhiatr. Im. S S Korsakova"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib27","article-title":"Low hemoglobin levels and an increased risk of psoriasis in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107613","article-title":"Molecular complexities underlying the vascular complications of diabetes mellitus - a comprehensive review","volume":"34","author":"Paul","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabet. Complicat."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminhematol.2009.06.001","article-title":"Iron sequestration and anemia of inflammation","volume":"46","author":"Ganz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Hematol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib30","article-title":"Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for anemia in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2013","author":"Mart\u00ed-Carvajal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.183","article-title":"Anaemia in inflammatory rheumatic diseases","volume":"9","author":"Weiss","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1697617","article-title":"The pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis: a comprehensive review","volume":"40","author":"Lleo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1127704","article-title":"Immunomodulation-a general review of the current state-of-the-art and new therapeutic strategies for targeting the immune system","volume":"14","author":"Strzelec","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.841710","article-title":"Changes of IgG N-Glycosylation in thyroid autoimmunity: the modulatory effect of methimazole in graves' disease and the association with the severity of inflammation in hashimoto's thyroiditis","volume":"13","author":"Trzos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(03)00735-2","article-title":"A novel gene encoding a coiled-coil mitochondrial protein located at the telomeric end of the human MHC class III region","volume":"314","author":"Semple","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.14468","article-title":"TMEM106B C-terminal fragments aggregate and drive neurodegenerative proteinopathy in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"21","author":"Riordan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02246-3","article-title":"Physiological and pathological functions of TMEM106B: a gene associated with brain aging and multiple brain disorders","volume":"141","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05013-x","article-title":"TMEM106B drives lung cancer metastasis by inducing TFEB-Dependent lysosome synthesis and secretion of cathepsins","volume":"9","author":"Kundu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1049","article-title":"Clinically relevant circulating protein biomarkers for type 1 diabetes: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"45","author":"Yazdanpanah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12665","article-title":"Interleukin-7 receptor \u03b1-chain haplotypes differentially affect soluble IL-7 receptor and IL-7 serum concentrations in children with type 1 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Seyfarth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.08.013","article-title":"Persistence of pancreatic insulin mRNA expression and proinsulin protein in type 1 diabetes pancreata","volume":"26","author":"Wasserfall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111905","article-title":"Tryptophan-dependent and -independent secretions of tryptophanyl- tRNA synthetase mediate innate inflammatory responses","volume":"42","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116440","article-title":"Exploring the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cell in rheumatoid arthritis: insights into subsets, markers, and signaling pathways","volume":"174","author":"Su","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07075-w","article-title":"Local inhibition of TGF-\u03b21 signaling improves Th17\/Treg balance but not joint pathology during experimental arthritis","volume":"12","author":"Aarts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12067","article-title":"PMEL: a pigment cell-specific model for functional amyloid formation","volume":"26","author":"Watt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216055","article-title":"Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) gene variants predict radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis and risk of incident disease","volume":"79","author":"Attur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42656","article-title":"Recombinant Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist is an effective first-line treatment strategy in new-onset systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, irrespective of HLA-DRB1 background and IL1RN variants","volume":"76","author":"Erkens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333_bib48","article-title":"Regulation of neutrophil associated RNASET2 expression in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Passari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Autoimmunity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589909025000681?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589909025000681?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T09:18:27Z","timestamp":1765358307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589909025000681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S2589909025000681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-9090"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2589-9090"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mendelian randomization study of the causal relationship between autoimmune diseases and anemia using proteomic and genetic data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Translational Autoimmunity","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtauto.2025.100333","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100333"}}