{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T02:08:57Z","timestamp":1758420537447,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DEB-1021203","DMS-0719697","DMS-0719783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DEB-1021203","DMS-0719697","DMS-0719783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Theoretical Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,8]],"date-time":"2012-04-08T04:16:59Z","timestamp":1333858619000},"page":"197-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Interactions among virulence, coinfection and drug resistance in a complex life-cycle parasite"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"304","author":[{"given":"Dashun","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory J.","family":"Sandland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis J.","family":"Minchella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhilan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2307\/3933","article-title":"Regulation and stability of host\u2013parasite population interactions. I. Regulatory processes","volume":"47","author":"Anderson","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1981.0005","article-title":"The population dynamics of microparasites and their invertebrate hosts","volume":"291","author":"Anderson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Series B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1994.0153","article-title":"Mutation and the evolution of virulence","volume":"258","author":"Bonhoeffer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1086\/303181","article-title":"The evolution of costly resistance in host\u2013parasite systems","volume":"153","author":"Boots","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1999.0976","article-title":"A baseline model for the apparent competition between many host strains: the evolution of host resistance to microparasites","volume":"200","author":"Bowers","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1997.0418","article-title":"Community structure and the interplay between interspecific infection and competition","volume":"187","author":"Bowers","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib7","first-page":"1423","article-title":"Perspective: virulence","volume":"48","author":"Bull","year":"1994","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2007.11.001","article-title":"A schistosomiasis model with mating structure and time delay","volume":"211","author":"Castillo-Chavez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib9","unstructured":"CDC, Parasites-Schistosomiasis \u3008http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/schistosomiasis\/\u3009 (accessed on January 2012)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800058453","article-title":"The development of an age structured model for schistosomiasis transmission dynamics and control and its validation for Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"115","author":"Chan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"issue":"90","key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002356","article-title":"Optimization of dosing for EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer with evolutionary cancer modeling","volume":"3","author":"Chmielecki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200012000-00014","article-title":"Praziquantel: is there real resistance and are there alternatives?","volume":"13","author":"Cioli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opinion Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2307\/3545985","article-title":"Evolution of virulence in a host\u2013pathogen system with local pathogen transmission","volume":"74","author":"Claessen","year":"1995","journal-title":"OIKOS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1060733","article-title":"Infectious disease: medical helminthology in the 21st century","volume":"293","author":"Colley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002002111","article-title":"Mating interactions between Schistosoma Mansoni and S. margrebowiei","volume":"125","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002002020","article-title":"Schistosome genetic diversity: the implications of population structure as detected with microsatellite markers","volume":"125","author":"Curtis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001008873","article-title":"Mixed strain schistosome infections of snails and the evolution of parasite virulence","volume":"124","author":"Davies","year":"2002","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1367","article-title":"Trade-offs in the evolution of virulence in an indirectly transmitted macroparasite","volume":"268","author":"Davies","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2004.2695","article-title":"Host heterogeneity is a determinant of competitive exclusion or coexistence in genetically diverse malaria infections","volume":"271","author":"de Roode","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-14","article-title":"High prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in two communities in South Darfur: implication for interventions","volume":"4","author":"Deribe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000057401","article-title":"The population dynamics of competition between parasites","volume":"91","author":"Dobson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[0232:DOSIIM]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Distribution of schistosome infections in molluscan hosts at different levels of parasite prevalence","volume":"88","author":"Eppert","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.2307\/2411005","article-title":"The influence of host demography on the evolution of virulence of a microsporidian gut parasite","volume":"51","author":"Ebert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.83","article-title":"Drug-resistant schistosomiasis: resistance to praziquantel and oxamniquine induced in Schistosoma mansoni in mice is drug specific","volume":"51","author":"Fallon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1997.4149","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni: maturation rate and drug susceptibility of different geographic isolates","volume":"86","author":"Fallon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aml.2004.02.002","article-title":"Estimation of parameters governing the transmission dynamics of schistosomes","volume":"17","author":"Feng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2003.09.005","article-title":"Drugs for the control of parasitic diseases: current status and development in schistosomiasis","volume":"19","author":"Fenwick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000247591.13671.6a","article-title":"Schistosomiasis: challenges for control, treatment and drug resistance","volume":"19","author":"Fenwick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opinion Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1992.0149","article-title":"A kin selection model for the evolution of virulence","volume":"250","author":"Frank","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1086\/419267","article-title":"Models of parasite virulence","volume":"71","author":"Frank","year":"1996","journal-title":"Q. Rev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00609.x","article-title":"Evolutionary epidemiology and the dynamics of adaptation","volume":"63","author":"Gandon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1554\/0014-3820(2001)055[1056:HLHATE]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Host life history and the evolution of parasite virulence","volume":"55","author":"Gandon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.78.2024","article-title":"The dynamics of adaptation and evolutionary branching","volume":"78","author":"Geritz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006554906681","article-title":"Evolutionarily singular strategies and the adaptive growth and branching of the evolutionary tree","volume":"12","author":"Geritz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Evol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib36","first-page":"1178","article-title":"Fitness of indirectly transmitted pathogens: restraint and constraint","volume":"58","author":"Gower","year":"2004","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib37","first-page":"544","article-title":"Intraspecific competition and the evolution of virulence in a parasitic trematode","volume":"59","author":"Gower","year":"2005","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib38","article-title":"An integral equation for helminthic infections: stability of the noninfected population","volume":"vol. 90","author":"Hadeler","year":"1984"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0898-1221(83)90056-1","article-title":"Nonlinear hyperbolic partial differential equations for the dynamics of parasite populations","volume":"9","author":"Hadeler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Comp. Math. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182005009790","article-title":"Complex dynamics and stability of resistance to antimalarial drugs","volume":"132","author":"Hastings","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(00)01707-5","article-title":"Modelling a predictable disaster: the rise and spread of drug-resistant malaria","volume":"16","author":"Hastings","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2005.12.011","article-title":"Tolerance is the key to understanding antimalarial drug resistance","volume":"22","author":"Hastings","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1988.39.196","article-title":"Morbidity associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection as determined by ultrasound: a study in Gezira","volume":"39","author":"Homeida","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sudan. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib44","first-page":"2952","article-title":"Chemotherapy, within-host ecology and the fitness of drug-resistant malaria parasites","volume":"64","author":"Huijben","year":"2010","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.932","article-title":"Resistance to praziquantel: direct evidence from Schistosoma mansoni isolated from Egyptian villagers","volume":"60","author":"Ismail","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.307","article-title":"Mortality due to schistosomiasis mansoni: a field study in Sudan","volume":"60","author":"Kheir","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0413","article-title":"In vitro praziquantel test capable of detecting reduced in vivo efficacy in Schistosoma mansoni human infections","volume":"83","author":"Lamberton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1086\/283708","article-title":"Selection of intermediate rates of increasing in parasite\u2013host systems","volume":"117","author":"Levin","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.2307\/2640710","article-title":"Genetic relationships between parasite virulence and transmission in the rodent malaria Plasmodium chabaudi","volume":"53","author":"Mackinnon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"Suppl. I","key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762004000900023","article-title":"Factors associated with Schistosomiasis Mansoni in a population from the municipality of Jaboticatubas, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"99","author":"Massara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1995.0138","article-title":"Coinfection and the evolution of virulence","volume":"261","author":"May","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e504","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000504","article-title":"Reduced susceptibility to praziquantel among naturally occurring Kenyan isolates of Schistosoma mansoni","volume":"3","author":"Melman","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib53","series-title":"Stochastic and Spatial Structures of Dynamical Systems","first-page":"183","article-title":"Adaptive dynamics: a geometrical study of nearly faithful reproduction","author":"Metz","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000064970","article-title":"Distribution of schistosome genetic diversity within molluscan intermediate hosts","volume":"111","author":"Minchella","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1998.0793","article-title":"Evolution of virulence: a unified framework for coinfection and superinfection","volume":"195","author":"Mosquera","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1994.0012","article-title":"Superinfection and the evolution of parasite virulence","volume":"255","author":"Nowak","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(02)00083-4","article-title":"On the evolutionary coexistence of parasite strains","volume":"177\u2013178","author":"Pugliese","year":"2002","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842X(94)90537-1","article-title":"The evolution of virulence","volume":"2","author":"Read","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100299108","article-title":"The evolution of drug resistance and the curious orthodoxy of aggressive chemotherapy","author":"Read","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1059410","article-title":"The ecology of genetically diverse infections","volume":"11","author":"Read","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0593-9","article-title":"Interplay between host genetic variation and parasite transmission in the Biomphalaria glabrata\u2013Schistosoma mansoni system","volume":"101","author":"Sandland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.2307\/3285775","article-title":"Genetic diversity and recruitment pattern of Schistosoma mansoni in a Biomphalaria glabrata snail population: a field study using random-amplified polymorphic DNA markers","volume":"85","author":"Sire","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182001007727","article-title":"Parasite (Schistosoma mansoni) and host (Biomphalaria glabrata) genetic diversity: population structure in a fragmented landscape","volume":"122","author":"Sire","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000900003","article-title":"Schistosomiasis epidemiology and control: how did we get here and where should be go?","volume":"96","author":"Sturrock","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.11.014","article-title":"Evolutionary branching of virulence in a single-infection model","volume":"257","author":"Svennungsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Theor. Bio."},{"year":"2003","series-title":"Mathematics in Population Biology","author":"Thieme","key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib77"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000796","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000796","article-title":"Optimal drug synergy in antimicrobial treatments","volume":"6","author":"Torella","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1086\/285830","article-title":"The dynamics of multiple infection and the evolution of virulence","volume":"146","author":"van Baalen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19914","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707766104","article-title":"Competitive release and facilitation of drug-resistant parasites after therapeutic chemotherapy in a rodent malaria model","volume":"104","author":"Wargo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1086\/424607","article-title":"Do hosts and parasites coevolve? Empirical support from the Schistosoma system","volume":"164","author":"Webster","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-4571.2007.00012.x","article-title":"Evolutionary concepts in predicting and evaluating the impact of mass chemotherapy schistosomiasis control programmes on parasites and their hosts","volume":"1","author":"Webster","year":"2008","journal-title":"Evol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib72","unstructured":"WHO, Progress in the Assessment of Morbidity due to Schistosomiasis. Geneva World Health Organization, 1989."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bulm.2005.01.007","article-title":"On the role of schistosome mating structure in the maintenance of drug resistant strains","volume":"67","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Feng, Z., Xu, D., Sandland, G., Minchella, D.J. Evolution of host resistance to parasite infection in the snail-schistosome-human system. J. Math. Biol., doi:10.1007\/s00285-011-0457-x, in press","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-011-0457-x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.05.011","article-title":"Evolutionary implications for interactions between multiple strains of host and parasite","volume":"248","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Theor. Bio."}],"container-title":["Journal of Theoretical Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022519312001725?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022519312001725?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T16:16:28Z","timestamp":1758384988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022519312001725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["S0022519312001725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5193"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-5193"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Interactions among virulence, coinfection and drug resistance in a complex life-cycle parasite","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Theoretical Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.03.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}