{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T06:29:02Z","timestamp":1787380142408,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":730,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","jtcvsonline.org","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T15:05:58Z","timestamp":1473433558000},"page":"163-172.e6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Is a hybrid strategy a lower-risk alternative to stage 1 Norwood operation?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"153","author":[{"given":"Travis J.","family":"Wilder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian W.","family":"McCrindle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Ziemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christo I.","family":"Tchervenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marshall L.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene H.","family":"Blackstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William G.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"DeCampli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Caldarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Pizarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(80)90224-6","article-title":"Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: experience with palliative surgery","volume":"45","author":"Norwood","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912461","article-title":"Comparison of shunt types in the Norwood procedure for single-ventricle lesions","volume":"362","author":"Ohye","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.03.061","article-title":"Clinical outcomes, program evolution, and pulmonary artery growth in single ventricle palliation using hybrid and Norwood palliative strategies","volume":"87","author":"Honjo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.09.034","article-title":"Cerebral perfusion and oxygenation after the Norwood procedure: comparison of right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit with modified Blalock-Taussig shunt","volume":"133","author":"Kussman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.02.066","article-title":"Hybrid versus Norwood procedure for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: contemporary series from a single center","volume":"147","author":"Brescia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt604","article-title":"Hybrid approach for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and its variants: the fate of the pulmonary arteries","volume":"46","author":"Dave","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.02.009","article-title":"Hybrid approach for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: intermediate results after the learning curve","volume":"85","author":"Galantowicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2009.11.037","article-title":"Hybrid procedure as an alternative to surgical palliation of high-risk infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and its variants","volume":"139","author":"Venugopal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"11 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.084616","article-title":"Hybrid versus Norwood strategies for single-ventricle palliation","volume":"126","author":"Baba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1295569","article-title":"Does bilateral pulmonary banding in comparison to Norwood procedure improve outcome in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome beyond second-stage palliation? A review of the current literature","volume":"60","author":"Photiadis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2001.111207","article-title":"Critical aortic stenosis in the neonate: a multi-institutional study of management, outcomes, and risk factors. Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society","volume":"121","author":"Lofland","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951100005217","article-title":"Relationship of the dimension of cardiac structures to body size: an echocardiographic study in normal infants and children","volume":"9","author":"Daubeney","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib13","series-title":"Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys","author":"Rubin","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00058655","article-title":"Bagging predictors","volume":"24","author":"Breiman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib15","series-title":"The Theory of Competing Risks","author":"David","year":"1978"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2003.11.057","article-title":"Determinants of mortality and type of repair in neonates with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum","volume":"127","author":"Ashburn","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib17","first-page":"713","article-title":"Predicting outcome after listing for heart transplantation in children: comparison of Kaplan-Meier and parametric competing risk analysis. Pediatric Heart Transplant Study Group","volume":"16","author":"McGiffin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1986.10478314","article-title":"The decomposition of time-varying hazard into phases, each incorporating a separate stream of concomitant information","volume":"81","author":"Blackstone","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2002.120329","article-title":"Comparing apples and oranges","volume":"123","author":"Blackstone","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2739","article-title":"The design versus the analysis of observational studies for causal effects: parallels with the design of randomized trials","volume":"26","author":"Rubin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2007.12.042","article-title":"Improving the outcome of high-risk neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: hybrid procedure or conventional surgical palliation?","volume":"33","author":"Pizarro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2009.05.009","article-title":"Early results of bilateral pulmonary artery banding for hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Sakurai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.08.020","article-title":"Stage 1 hybrid palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome\u2013assessment of contemporary patterns of use: an analysis of The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database","volume":"149","author":"Karamlou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(98)70448-9","article-title":"Resting coronary flow and coronary flow reserve in human infants after repair or palliation of congenital heart defects as measured by positron emission tomography","volume":"115","author":"Donnelly","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198301063080106","article-title":"Physiologic repair of aortic atresia-hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"308","author":"Norwood","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.09.022","article-title":"Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: current considerations and expectations","volume":"59","author":"Feinstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135113490760","article-title":"The effect of epinephrine on coronary flow in the setting of a systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt","volume":"4","author":"DeCampli","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(02)73575-7","article-title":"Right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt in first-stage palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"126","author":"Sano","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.06.069","article-title":"Survival and right ventricular performance for matched children after stage 1 Norwood: modified Blalock-Taussig shunt versus right-ventricle-to-pulmonary-artery conduit","volume":"150","author":"Wilder","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.09.008","article-title":"Very low-birth-weight infants with congenital cardiac lesions: is there merit in delaying intervention to permit growth and maturation?","volume":"143","author":"Hickey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.08.074","article-title":"Differential case ascertainment in clinical registry versus administrative data and impact on outcomes assessment for pediatric cardiac operations","volume":"95","author":"Pasquali","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1053\/j.pcsu.2004.02.019","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes in hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Mahle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.01.038","article-title":"Effects of pulmonary artery banding and retrograde aortic arch obstruction on the hybrid palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome","volume":"146","author":"Baker","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304759","article-title":"Analysis of preoperative condition and interstage mortality in Norwood and hybrid procedures for hypoplastic left heart syndrome using the Aristotle scoring system","volume":"100","author":"Lloyd","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2003.12.066","article-title":"Outcome analysis of major cardiac operations in low weight neonates","volume":"78","author":"Bov\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.05.019","article-title":"Risk factors for hospital morbidity and mortality after the Norwood procedure: a report from the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial","volume":"144","author":"Tabbutt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.04.093","article-title":"Surgeon and\u00a0center volume influence on outcomes after arterial switch operation: analysis of the STS Congenital Heart Surgery Database","volume":"98","author":"Karamlou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2008.11.073","article-title":"Lesion-specific outcomes in neonates undergoing congenital heart surgery are related predominantly to patient and management factors rather than institution or surgeon experience: a Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society study","volume":"139","author":"Karamlou","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1177\/2150135113519455","article-title":"Linking the congenital heart surgery databases of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society, part 2: lessons learned and implications","volume":"5","author":"Jacobs","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bibE1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1986.10478314","article-title":"The decomposition of time-varying hazard into phases, each incorporating a separate stream of concomitant information","volume":"81","author":"Blackstone","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bibE2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)01075-0","article-title":"Outcome analysis using hazard function methodology","volume":"61","author":"Blackstone","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bibE3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912461","article-title":"Comparison of shunt types in the Norwood procedure for single-ventricle lesions","volume":"362","author":"Ohye","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bibE4","series-title":"Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys","author":"Rubin","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bibE5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00058655","article-title":"Bagging predictors","volume":"24","author":"Breiman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bibE6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2002.120329","article-title":"Comparing apples and oranges","volume":"123","author":"Blackstone","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bibE7","series-title":"Reducing bias in a propensity score matched-pair sample using greedy matching techniques. Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual SAS Users Group International Conference","first-page":"214","author":"Parsons","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021_bibE8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2328","article-title":"A comparison of propensity score methods: a case-study estimating the effectiveness of post-AMI statin use","volume":"25","author":"Austin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stat Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022522316310418?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022522316310418?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T01:03:19Z","timestamp":1546304599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022522316310418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022522316310418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Is a hybrid strategy a lower-risk alternative to stage 1 Norwood operation?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2016.08.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}