{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:47:48Z","timestamp":1790704068911,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":731,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jtcvsonline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T20:21:24Z","timestamp":1638390084000},"page":"1604-1611.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Low parental socioeconomic position results in longer post-Norwood length of stay"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Zachary A.","family":"Spigel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa B.","family":"Kalustian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Zink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyad M.","family":"Binsalamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Caldarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.07.037","article-title":"Development of a congenital heart surgery composite quality metric: part 1\u2014conceptual framework","volume":"107","author":"Pasquali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-8-70","article-title":"Reducing bias through directed acyclic graphs","volume":"8","author":"Shrier","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.00171","article-title":"Does medical insurance contribute to socioeconomic differentials in health?","volume":"78","author":"Ross","year":"2000","journal-title":"Milbank Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2003.028514","article-title":"Immigration status and health insurance coverage: who gains? Who loses?","volume":"95","author":"Prentice","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05339.x","article-title":"Race, socioeconomic status, and health: complexities, ongoing challenges, and research opportunities: race, SES, and health","volume":"1186","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007065","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007065","article-title":"Neighborhood socioeconomic status and outcomes following the Norwood procedure: an analysis of the pediatric heart network single ventricle reconstruction trial public data set","volume":"7","author":"Bucholz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1258\/135581907781543049","article-title":"Impact of patients\u2019 socioeconomic status on the distance travelled for hospital admission in the English National Health Service","volume":"12","author":"Propper","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Health Serv Res Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.7.1137","article-title":"Area deprivation and widening inequalities in US mortality, 1969-1998","volume":"93","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.147","article-title":"ggplot2: ggplot2","volume":"3","author":"Wickham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.05.020","article-title":"Interstage mortality after the Norwood procedure: results of the multicenter single ventricle reconstruction trial","volume":"144","author":"Ghanayem","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.02.038","article-title":"Improving interstage survival after Norwood operation: outcomes from 10 years of home monitoring","volume":"148","author":"Rudd","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(03)00183-5","article-title":"Length of stay after infant heart surgery is related to cognitive outcome at age 8 years","volume":"143","author":"Newburger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S232","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000800","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with congenital heart disease\u2014what can we impact?","volume":"17","author":"Wernovsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2012.03.065","article-title":"Evaluation of failure to rescue as a quality metric in pediatric heart surgery: an analysis of the STS congenital heart surgery database","volume":"94","author":"Pasquali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.07.097","article-title":"Failure-to-rescue rate as a measure of quality of care in a cardiac surgery recovery unit: a five-year study","volume":"97","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezu380","article-title":"Surgeon-specific mortality data disguise wider failings in delivery of safe surgical services","volume":"47","author":"Westaby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcw027","article-title":"Measuring the quality of perioperative care in cardiac surgery","volume":"3","author":"Coulson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.03.030","article-title":"Hospital variation in mortality from cardiac arrest after cardiac surgery: an opportunity for improvement?","volume":"98","author":"LaPar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.09.123","article-title":"Fast-track extubation after cardiac surgery in infants: tug-of-war between performance and reimbursement?","volume":"162","author":"Murin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.03.133","article-title":"Commentary: winning or losing in neonatal cardiac reimbursement: depends on your equation","volume":"160","author":"Woods","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.10.038","article-title":"Commentary: a coalition of the willing: untangling efficiency-penalized reimbursement","volume":"162","author":"Karamlou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.03.147","article-title":"Administrators: do you know how your pediatric cardiac surgeries are reimbursed?","volume":"160","author":"Woo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.07.047","article-title":"Hospital distribution and patient travel patterns for congenital cardiac surgery in the United States","volume":"107","author":"Welke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semtcvs.2019.09.005","article-title":"Regionalization of congenital heart surgery in the United States","volume":"32","author":"Welke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.12.125","article-title":"Access or excess? Examining the argument for regionalized cardiac care","volume":"160","author":"Karamlou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.007541","article-title":"Development of a clinical registry-based 30-day readmission measure for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery","volume":"130","author":"Shahian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.03.002","article-title":"The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2018 adult cardiac surgery risk models: part 1\u2014background, design considerations, and model development","volume":"105","author":"Shahian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022522321016676?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022522321016676?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T17:16:46Z","timestamp":1758388606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022522321016676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022522321016676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Low parental socioeconomic position results in longer post-Norwood length of stay","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.09.075","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}