{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:05:02Z","timestamp":1786993502596,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":731,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jtcvsonline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T02:57:18Z","timestamp":1637117838000},"page":"156-166.e6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Postoperative delirium and quality of life after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement: A prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"166","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9224-8198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danny Feike","family":"Hoogma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Venmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layth","family":"Al Tmimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Tournoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Verbrugghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Fieuws","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Milisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Adriaenssens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Rex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu296","article-title":"Neurological complications of surgery and anaesthesia","volume":"114","author":"Mashour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","article-title":"Delirium in elderly people","volume":"383","author":"Inouye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.06.068","article-title":"Incidence of postoperative delirium and its impact on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation","volume":"120","author":"Bagienski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.2606","article-title":"Effect of delirium and other major complications on outcomes after elective surgery in older adults","volume":"150","author":"Gleason","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-016-0032-5","article-title":"Predicting, preventing, and identifying delirium after cardiac\u00a0surgery","volume":"5","author":"O'Neal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perioper Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.06.027","article-title":"General anesthesia versus monitored anesthesia care for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a retrospective study in a single Belgian referral center","volume":"33","author":"Stragier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib7","series-title":"Enhanced Recovery\u00a0(Fast-Track) After Cardiac and Vascular Surgery. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery","first-page":"135","author":"Tatsuishi","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1103510","article-title":"Transcatheter versus surgical aortic-valve replacement in high-risk patients","volume":"364","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib9","first-page":"CD011793","article-title":"Limited versus full sternotomy for aortic valve replacement","volume":"4","author":"Kirmani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivx090","article-title":"Minimally invasive heart valve surgery: influence on coagulation and inflammatory response","volume":"25","author":"Paparella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.06.063","article-title":"Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment, risk reduction, and management","volume":"125","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"Elm von","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcw001","article-title":"Functional performance and quality of life in high-risk comorbid patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation for symptomatic aortic valve stenosis","volume":"2","author":"Hiltrop","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0865","article-title":"3D-CAM: derivation and validation of a 3-minute diagnostic interview for CAM-defined delirium: a cross-sectional diagnostic test study","volume":"161","author":"Marcantonio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00012","article-title":"Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU)","volume":"29","author":"Ely","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.09.002","article-title":"Updated standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the valve academic research consortium-2 consensus document","volume":"145","author":"Kappetein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.11.037","article-title":"Intraoperative xenon for prevention of delirium after on-pump cardiac surgery: a randomised, observer-blind, controlled clinical trial","volume":"124","author":"Tmimi Al","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2015.06.018","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for delirium after cardiac surgery at a quaternary care center: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Tse","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.12.043","article-title":"Comparison of frequency, risk factors, and time course of postoperative delirium in octogenarians after transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus surgical aortic valve replacement","volume":"115","author":"Eide","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15867","article-title":"Delirium incidence and functional outcomes after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement","volume":"67","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.6857","article-title":"Postoperative delirium: a 76-year-old woman with delirium following surgery","volume":"308","author":"Marcantonio","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988719834346","article-title":"Biomarker predictors of delirium in acutely ill patients: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Michels","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13051","article-title":"Inflammation and its consequences after surgical versus transcatheter aortic valve replacement","volume":"42","author":"Uhle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2017.11.015","article-title":"The hip fracture surgery in elderly patients (HIPELD) study to evaluate xenon anaesthesia for the prevention of postoperative delirium: a multicentre, randomized clinical trial","volume":"120","author":"Coburn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.22005","article-title":"Effect of electroencephalography-guided anesthetic administration on postoperative delirium among older adults undergoing major surgery: the ENGAGES randomized clinical trial","volume":"321","author":"Wildes","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004641","article-title":"American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative joint consensus statement on postoperative delirium prevention","volume":"130","author":"Hughes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.04.036","article-title":"Intraoperative hypotension and the risk of postoperative adverse outcomes: a systematic review","volume":"121","author":"Wesselink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030308","article-title":"High-target versus low-target blood pressure management during cardiopulmonary bypass to prevent cerebral injury in cardiac surgery patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"137","author":"Vedel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeu319","article-title":"Arterial pressure above the upper cerebral autoregulation limit during cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with postoperative delirium","volume":"113","author":"Hori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib30","first-page":"E80","article-title":"Assessment of quality of life in patients after surgical and transcatheter aortic valve replacement","volume":"88","author":"Tokarek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.14064","article-title":"Delirium, functional decline and quality of life after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: an explorative study","volume":"20","author":"Beishuizen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046451","article-title":"General versus local anesthesia with conscious sedation in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the randomized SOLVE-TAVI trial","volume":"142","author":"Thiele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.014","article-title":"Transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis: 1-year results from the all-comers NOTION randomized clinical trial","volume":"65","author":"Thyregod","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.10.114","article-title":"Delirium after surgical and transcatheter aortic valve replacement is associated with increased mortality","volume":"151","author":"Maniar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.060","article-title":"Transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement: propensity-matched comparison","volume":"70","author":"Brennan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental state.\u201d A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1993.tb07308.x","article-title":"Clock completion: an objective screening test for dementia","volume":"41","author":"Watson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","article-title":"Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"9","author":"Lawton","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S130686","article-title":"Exploring the efficiency of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator: a review","volume":"12","author":"Gobbens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.024","article-title":"Frailty in older adults undergoing aortic valve replacement: The FRAILTY-AVR study","volume":"70","author":"Afilalo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE6","series-title":"Dutch Tariff for the Five-Level Version of EQ-5D. Value in Health","first-page":"343","volume":"19","author":"Versteegh","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/11.3.260","article-title":"Screening, detection and management of depression in elderly primary care attenders. I: The acceptability and performance of the 15 item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) and the development of short versions","volume":"11","author":"D'Ath","year":"1994","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700005742","article-title":"The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): socio-demographic correlates, reliability, validity and some norms","volume":"19","author":"Jorm","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs043","article-title":"EuroSCORE II","volume":"41","author":"Nashef","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2019.06.027","article-title":"General anesthesia versus monitored anesthesia care for transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a retrospective study in a single Belgian referral center","volume":"33","author":"Stragier","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.09.002","article-title":"Updated standardized endpoint definitions for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: the valve academic research consortium-2 consensus document","volume":"145","author":"Kappetein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090","article-title":"A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data","volume":"159","author":"Zou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"10 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31806518ac","article-title":"Using inverse probability-weighted estimators in comparative effectiveness analyses with observational databases","volume":"45","author":"Curtis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023_bibE15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0420.2005.00377.x","article-title":"Doubly robust estimation in missing data and causal inference models","volume":"61","author":"Bang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biometrics"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022522321016263?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022522321016263?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T17:21:41Z","timestamp":1758388901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022522321016263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022522321016263"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Postoperative delirium and quality of life after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement: A prospective observational study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}