{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:34:54Z","timestamp":1790710494836,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jtcvsonline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:05:25Z","timestamp":1777885525000},"page":"332-348.e3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The 2026 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Expert Consensus Document: Management of atrial functional mitral regurgitation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Makoto","family":"Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gorav","family":"Ailawadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven F.","family":"Bolling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca T.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ammar M.","family":"Killu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anson M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Mick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabien","family":"Praz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert H.L.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Gillinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnar","family":"Geirsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.032","article-title":"Evidence of atrial functional mitral regurgitation due to atrial fibrillation: reversal with arrhythmia control","volume":"58","author":"Gertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.09.006","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of atrial functional mitral regurgitation and its association with mortality","volume":"17","author":"Naser","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.16312","article-title":"Variable definitions and treatment approaches for atrial functional mitral regurgitation: a scoping review of the literature","volume":"37","author":"Amabile","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Card Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2022-002180","article-title":"Atrial functional mitral regurgitation: prevalence, characteristics and outcomes from the National Echo Database of Australia","volume":"10","author":"Moonen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001574","article-title":"Prognostic comparison of atrial and ventricular functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"8","author":"Okamoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.12.098","article-title":"Atrial functional versus ventricular functional mitral regurgitation: prognostic implications","volume":"164","author":"Hirji","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0277385","article-title":"Impact of secondary mitral regurgitation on survival in atrial and ventricular dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Mori","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.04.002","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA guideline for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"162","author":"Otto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf194","article-title":"2025 ESC\/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"46","author":"Praz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.28032","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of mitral valve surgery in atrial functional mitral regurgitation in the REVEAL-AFMR registry","volume":"7","author":"Kagiyama","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf511","article-title":"Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair vs medical therapy in atrial functional mitral regurgitation: a propensity score-based comparison from the OCEAN-Mitral and REVEAL-AFMR registries","volume":"47","author":"Kaneko","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.072648","article-title":"Transcatheter repair versus surgery for atrial versus ventricular functional mitral regurgitation: a post hoc analysis of the MATTERHORN trial","volume":"151","author":"Rudolph","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2024.07.048","volume":"169","author":"Milojevic","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.08.016","article-title":"Atrial functional mitral regurgitation: a JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging Expert Panel viewpoint","volume":"15","author":"Zoghbi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2026.01.057","article-title":"Atrial functional mitral regurgitation: effect of phenotype definition on classification, valve features, and prognosis","author":"Koschatko","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.09.046","article-title":"Pathophysiology, echocardiographic diagnosis, and treatment of atrial functional mitral regurgitation: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"80","author":"Farhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.033324","article-title":"Implementing formal mitral heart team improves multidisciplinary evaluation rate and survival of patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation","volume":"13","author":"Waldron","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4487","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13154487","article-title":"Outcomes of mitral valve regurgitation management after expert multidisciplinary valve team evaluation","volume":"13","author":"Welman","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezab065","article-title":"Effect of a dedicated mitral heart team compared to a general heart team on survival: a retrospective, comparative, non-randomized interventional cohort study based on prospectively registered data","volume":"60","author":"Sardari Nia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.035","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"77","author":"Otto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaf276","article-title":"2025 ESC\/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"67","author":"Praz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz314","article-title":"Causes and mechanisms of isolated mitral regurgitation in the community: clinical context and outcome","volume":"40","author":"Dziadzko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2024-324526","article-title":"Clinical and echocardiographic parameters associated with outcomes in patients with moderate secondary mitral regurgitation","volume":"111","author":"Sarrazyn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jead199","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of atrial functional mitral regurgitation in patients with atrial fibrillation or sinus rhythm","volume":"24","author":"Naser","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.01.040","article-title":"Subtypes of atrial functional mitral regurgitation: imaging insights into their mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"13","author":"Kagiyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.02.061","article-title":"Atrial functional mitral regurgitation: JACC review topic of the week","volume":"73","author":"Deferm","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-0435","article-title":"Novel mechanistic insights into atrial functional mitral regurgitation\u20143-dimensional echocardiographic study","volume":"80","author":"Machino-Ohtsuka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2024.02.024","article-title":"Functional mitral regurgitation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: clinical implications and management","volume":"30","author":"Riccardi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.813","article-title":"Epidemiology and one-year outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure and preserved, mid-range and reduced ejection fraction: an analysis of the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry","volume":"19","author":"Chioncel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.562","article-title":"Functional mitral regurgitation at discharge and outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure with a preserved or reduced ejection fraction","volume":"18","author":"Kajimoto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1500741","article-title":"Mechanism of incomplete mitral leaflet coaptation--interaction of chordal restraint and changes in mitral leaflet coaptation geometry. Insight from in vitro validation of the premise of force equilibrium","volume":"124","author":"Nielsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.01.009","article-title":"Mitral valve regurgitation in the contemporary era: insights into diagnosis, management, and future directions","volume":"11","author":"El Sabbagh","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-018-0145-8","article-title":"Comparison of mitral annulus geometry between patients with ischemic and non-ischemic functional mitral regurgitation: implications for transcatheter mitral valve implantation","volume":"16","author":"Aruta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.01.007","article-title":"Recommendations for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography developed in collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance","volume":"30","author":"Zoghbi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e171","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab253","article-title":"Multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an EACVI and ESC council of valvular heart disease position paper","volume":"23","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.08.016","article-title":"Mitral apparatus assessment by delayed enhancement CMR: relative impact of infarct distribution on mitral regurgitation","volume":"6","author":"Chinitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.10.027","article-title":"Importance of myocardial fibrosis in functional mitral regurgitation: from outcomes to decision-making","volume":"14","author":"Lopes","year":"2021","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-024-02188-2","article-title":"Atrial functional mitral regurgitation: definition, mechanisms, and treatment perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Dhont","year":"2025","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5035","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175035","article-title":"Atrial functional mitral regurgitation: from diagnosis to current interventional therapies","volume":"13","author":"Iliakis","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02938337","article-title":"The management of functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"9","author":"Carabello","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02041-5","article-title":"Efficacy of empagliflozin in heart failure with preserved versus mid-range ejection fraction: a pre-specified analysis of EMPEROR-preserved","volume":"28","author":"Anker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2206286","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction","volume":"387","author":"Solomon","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10354","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01429-5","article-title":"SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure: a comprehensive meta-analysis of five randomised controlled trials","volume":"400","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.03.357","article-title":"The course of atrial functional mitral regurgitation: the atrium dictates the path","volume":"83","author":"Vandervoort","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032215","article-title":"Association of atrial fibrillation progression with left atrial functional reserve and its reversibility","volume":"13","author":"Hirose","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1382570","article-title":"Unraveling the interplay: early-stage atrial functional mitral regurgitation and left atrial electrical substrate in atrial fibrillation patients","volume":"11","author":"Mohsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2022.02.056","article-title":"Surgical strategy and outcomes for atrial functional mitral regurgitation: all functional mitral regurgitation is not the same","volume":"167","author":"Wagner","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s12574-018-0412-6","article-title":"Prognostic significance of residual functional mitral regurgitation in hospitalized heart failure patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and preserved ejection fraction after medical therapies","volume":"17","author":"Ito","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivv119","article-title":"Mitral valve repair for atrial functional mitral regurgitation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation","volume":"21","author":"Takahashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13113264","article-title":"Functional mitral valve regurgitation: mitral valve repair or replacement? Our \"Road Map\" for the appropriate strategy","volume":"13","author":"Sideris","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.06.005","article-title":"Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for atrial secondary mitral regurgitation","volume":"15","author":"Tanaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.05.009","article-title":"Transcatheter mitral valve repair in patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"15","author":"Doldi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.09.056","article-title":"Clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of transcatheter mitral valve repair in atrial functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"345","author":"Benito-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2025.05.031","article-title":"Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for atrial and ventricular secondary mitral regurgitation: insights from the REPAIR Study","volume":"18","author":"von Stein","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069144","article-title":"Ertugliflozin for functional mitral regurgitation associated with heart failure: EFFORT trial","volume":"149","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.029","article-title":"Restoring sinus rhythm reverses cardiac remodeling and reduces valvular regurgitation in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"79","author":"Soulat-Dufour","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.07.110","article-title":"Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with significant mitral regurgitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Okazaki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3668","article-title":"The interaction between atrial fibrillation and mitral regurgitation: insights from the CABANA randomized clinical trial","volume":"27","author":"Dhont","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.012","article-title":"2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"79","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107038","article-title":"Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction","volume":"385","author":"Anker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056824","article-title":"Effect of empagliflozin on worsening heart failure events in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: EMPEROR-preserved trial","volume":"144","author":"Packer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.06.042","article-title":"Outcomes and predictors of cardiac events in medically treated patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"316","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.132958","article-title":"Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in atrial functional mitral regurgitation - insight from the REVEAL-AFMR","volume":"422","author":"Kagami","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037077","article-title":"Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor for functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"139","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.859014","article-title":"Effects of BNP and sacubitrilat\/valsartan on atrial functional reserve and arrhythmogenesis in human myocardium","volume":"9","author":"Primessnig","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2019422","article-title":"Early rhythm-control therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"383","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13896","article-title":"Influence of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation on atrial and ventricular functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"9","author":"Masuda","year":"2022","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-025-02656-x","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation first? Investigating rhythm control in de novo high-grade functional mitral regurgitation and atrial fibrillation","author":"Ausbuettel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eur098","article-title":"The impact of mitral regurgitation on patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"13","author":"Gertz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezaf319","article-title":"Outcomes of mitral valve surgery for atrial functional mitral regurgitation vs ventricular functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"67","author":"Pyeatte","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2024.06.002","article-title":"Surgical outcome of mitral valve surgery in atrial functional mitral regurgitation compared with degenerative etiology","volume":"169","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2024.08.029","article-title":"Durability of annuloplasty in patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation associated with atrial fibrillation","volume":"170","author":"Bakir","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2024.09.001","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of mitral valve repair for atrial functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"120","author":"Shin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezad273","article-title":"Outcome of mitral repair combined with Cox-maze procedure for atrial functional mitral regurgitation with heart failure with recovered ejection fraction","volume":"64","author":"Ye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-022-01793-8","article-title":"Mitral valve surgery for atrial functional mitral regurgitation: predicting recurrent mitral regurgitation and mid-term outcome","volume":"70","author":"Kawamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-024-02858-w","article-title":"Outcomes of maze procedure and mitral valve surgery in atrial functional mitral regurgitation: a retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.14136","article-title":"Mitral annuloplasty for atrial functional mitral regurgitation in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation","volume":"34","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Card Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02972-4","article-title":"Mitral valve repair and concomitant maze procedure versus catheter ablation in the treatment of atrial functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"22","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2115961","article-title":"Concomitant tricuspid repair in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation","volume":"386","author":"Gammie","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2023.08.017","article-title":"Pacemaker implantation following tricuspid valve annuloplasty","volume":"16","author":"Ragnarsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"JTCVS Open"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.02.042","article-title":"Permanent pacemaker implantation and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing concomitant mitral and tricuspid valve surgery","volume":"83","author":"Iribarne","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.11.017","article-title":"Risk of surgical mitral valve repair for primary mitral regurgitation","volume":"81","author":"Badhwar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(02)73225-X","article-title":"Mitral valve repair with aortic valve replacement is superior to double valve replacement","volume":"125","author":"Gillinov","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.573","article-title":"Significant mitral regurgitation left untreated at the time of aortic valve replacement: a comprehensive review of a frequent entity in the transcatheter aortic valve replacement era","volume":"63","author":"Nombela-Franco","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.072256","article-title":"Influence of mitral regurgitation repair on survival in the surgical treatment for ischemic heart failure trial","volume":"125","author":"Deja","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv343","article-title":"Management and outcomes in patients with moderate or severe functional mitral regurgitation and severe left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"36","author":"Samad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1500528","article-title":"Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation during mitral-valve surgery","volume":"372","author":"Gillinov","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2012.02.006","article-title":"Midterm survival in patients treated for atrial fibrillation: a propensity-matched comparison to patients without a history of atrial fibrillation","volume":"143","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2022.0355","article-title":"Functional insufficiency of mitral and tricuspid valves associated with atrial fibrillation: impact of postoperative atrial fibrillation recurrence on surgical outcomes","volume":"53","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Korean Circ J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2013.05.007","article-title":"Minimally invasive stand-alone Cox-maze procedure for patients with nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"96","author":"Ad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae176","article-title":"2024 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"45","author":"Van Gelder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.06.093","article-title":"Biatrial maze procedure versus pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation during mitral valve surgery: new analytical approaches and end points","volume":"157","author":"Blackstone","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.14117","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of biatrial vs left atrial surgical ablation during concomitant cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of clinical studies with a focus on the causes of pacemaker implantation","volume":"30","author":"Cappabianca","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.10.017","article-title":"Biatrial or left atrial lesion set for ablation during mitral surgery: risks and benefits","volume":"103","author":"Churyla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.05.093","article-title":"Left-sided surgical ablation for patients with atrial fibrillation who are undergoing concomitant cardiac surgical procedures","volume":"103","author":"Ad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjtc.2021.06.031","article-title":"The maze IV operation is not always the best choice: matching the procedure to the patient","volume":"17","author":"McCarthy","year":"2023","journal-title":"JTCVS Tech"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101897","article-title":"Left atrial appendage occlusion during cardiac surgery to prevent stroke","volume":"384","author":"Whitlock","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.20125","article-title":"Association between left atrial appendage occlusion and readmission for thromboembolism among patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing concomitant cardiac surgery","volume":"319","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib99","first-page":"252","article-title":"Beneficial effect of left atrial appendage closure during cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of 280 585 patients","volume":"57","author":"Mart\u00edn Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060315","article-title":"Oral anticoagulation use and left atrial appendage occlusion in LAAOS III","volume":"148","author":"Connolly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001193","article-title":"2023 ACC\/AHA\/ACCP\/HRS guideline for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"149","author":"Joglar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2024.03.017","article-title":"2024 European Heart Rhythm Association\/Heart Rhythm Society\/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society\/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"21","author":"Tzeis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2024.01.007","article-title":"The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2023 clinical practice guidelines for the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation","volume":"118","author":"Wyler von Ballmoos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.03.067","article-title":"Success of surgical left atrial appendage closure: assessment by transesophageal echocardiography","volume":"52","author":"Kanderian","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2015.03.028","article-title":"Association between incomplete surgical ligation of left atrial appendage and stroke and systemic embolization","volume":"12","author":"Aryana","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02291-5","article-title":"The relationship between incomplete surgical obliteration of the left atrial appendage and thromboembolic events after mitral valve surgery (from the ISOLATE Registry)","volume":"51","author":"G\u00fcner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.07.052","article-title":"Exclusion of the left atrial appendage with a novel device: early results of a multicenter trial","volume":"142","author":"Ailawadi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjtc.2024.05.007","article-title":"Efficacy of four different left atrial appendage closure techniques during cardiac surgery-A transesophageal echocardiography follow-up study","volume":"26","author":"Petersen","year":"2024","journal-title":"JTCVS Tech"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2018.03.009","article-title":"Thoracoscopic left atrial appendage clipping: a multicenter cohort analysis","volume":"4","author":"van Laar","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2023.09.010","article-title":"A comparative study of thoracoscopic left atrial appendage clipping vs stapled resection","volume":"117","author":"Lim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.09.045","article-title":"Incidence and burden of tricuspid regurgitation in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"80","author":"Patlolla","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.11.098","article-title":"The relationship of atrial fibrillation and tricuspid annular dilation to late tricuspid regurgitation in patients with degenerative mitral repair","volume":"161","author":"McCarthy","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.066","article-title":"Progression of tricuspid regurgitation after surgery for ischemic mitral regurgitation","volume":"77","author":"Bertrand","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-020-01362-1","article-title":"Midterm results of mitral valve repair for atrial functional mitral regurgitation: a retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Kaneyuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.11.027","article-title":"Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair in atrial functional mitral regurgitation: insights from the multi-center MITRA-TUNE registry","volume":"349","author":"Popolo Rubbio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2023.11.007","article-title":"Impact of transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair on atrial functional mitral regurgitation from the GIOTTO registry","volume":"211","author":"Masiero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib117","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Impact of residual mitral regurgitation after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in atrial functional mitral regurgitation: results from MITRA-PRO registry","volume":"104","author":"Rottl\u00e4nder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.07.023","article-title":"Clinical outcomes with transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in atrial functional MR from the EXPAND study","volume":"15","author":"Sodhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e250","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-23-00819","article-title":"Outcomes of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for atrial functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"20","author":"Tanaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.01.031","article-title":"Mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"83","author":"Moras","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib121","article-title":"Meta-analysis of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair for atrial functional mitral regurgitation","volume":"2","author":"Hatab","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2024.06.019","article-title":"Atrial functional mitral regurgitation subtypes undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge repair: suboptimal outcomes in atriogenic hamstringing","volume":"18","author":"von Stein","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2015.07.034","article-title":"Amiodarone after surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation: is it really necessary? A prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"151","author":"Ad","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1071950","article-title":"Blanking period antiarrhythmic drugs after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.10.058","article-title":"Thromboembolic complications after surgical correction of mitral regurgitation incidence, predictors, and clinical implications","volume":"51","author":"Russo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00563-6","article-title":"High risk of thromboemboli early after bioprosthetic cardiac valve replacement","volume":"25","author":"Heras","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2509688","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy after successful catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation","volume":"394","author":"Verma","year":"2026","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.14679","article-title":"Long-term anticoagulation discontinuation after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: the ALONE-AF randomized clinical trial","volume":"334","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib129","first-page":"4","article-title":"Left atrial appendage exclusion during open cardiac surgery in patients without atrial fibrillation reduces 4-year ischemic stroke and mortality","author":"McCarthy","year":"2024","journal-title":"JTCVS Struct Endovascular"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib130","article-title":"Surgical left atrial appendage occlusion in valvular heart disease without atrial fibrillation: the OPINION trial","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2023.01.011","article-title":"SCAI\/HRS expert consensus statement on transcatheter left atrial appendage closure","volume":"16","author":"Saw","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2025.04.015","article-title":"Rationale and design of the anticoagulant therapy after left atrial appendage closure (ATLAAC) trial","volume":"287","author":"Gosvig","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2024.10.006","article-title":"The left atrial appendage exclusion for prophylactic stroke reduction (LEAAPS) trial: rationale and design","volume":"284","author":"Whitlock","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am Heart J"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022522326008986?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022522326008986?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:41:45Z","timestamp":1789692105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022522326008986"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022522326008986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-5223"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-5223","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The 2026 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Expert Consensus Document: Management of atrial functional mitral regurgitation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2026.03.621","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}