{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T05:20:39Z","timestamp":1772342439206,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004366","name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,12]],"date-time":"2022-02-12T03:10:47Z","timestamp":1644635447000},"page":"126945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Possible therapeutic effects of boron citrate and oleoylethanolamide supplementation in patients with COVID-19: A pilot randomized, double-blind, clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Neda","family":"Akbari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Ostadrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helda","family":"Tutunchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Pourmoradian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazila","family":"Farrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farzad","family":"najafipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Soleimanzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behnam","family":"Kafil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Mobasseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00459-7","article-title":"Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02795-5","article-title":"The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on clinical and biochemical parameters of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"19","author":"Doaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2021.04.007","article-title":"Long COVID: an overview","volume":"15","author":"Raveendran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib4","first-page":"1824","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review","volume":"323","author":"Sanders","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.48342","article-title":"Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30132-8","article-title":"COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments","volume":"20","author":"Stebbing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.572870","article-title":"Potential therapeutic options for COVID-19: current status, challenges, and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Sarkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201603300","article-title":"Two-dimensional boron crystals: structural stability, tunable properties, fabrications and applications","volume":"27","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib9","first-page":"9","article-title":"Can carbon quantum dots (CQDs) or boron compounds be an ultimate solution for COVID-19 therapy?","volume":"20","author":"Caml\u0131k","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.06.029","article-title":"The ameliorative effects of boron against acrylamide-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and metabolic changes in rats","volume":"118","author":"Acaroz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol.: Int. J. Publ. Br. Ind. Biol. Res. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib11","article-title":"Transcriptome profiling of duodenum reveals the importance of boron supplementation in modulating immune activities in rats","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hydromet.2015.09.022","article-title":"Production of crystalline boric acid and sodium citrate from borax decahydrate","volume":"158","author":"Elbeyli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hydrometallurgy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112270","article-title":"Design and discovery of boronic acid drugs","volume":"195","author":"Plescia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.13.38","article-title":"Boron chemicals in diagnosis and therapeutics","volume":"5","author":"Das","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Med. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib15","first-page":"35","article-title":"Nothing Boring About Boron","volume":"14","author":"Pizzorno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Integr. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-04820-2","article-title":"Assessment of boron-containing compounds and oleoylethanolamide supplementation on the recovery trend in patients with COVID-19: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Tutunchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2018.08.009","article-title":"Profile of three boron-containing compounds on the body weight, metabolism and inflammatory markers of diabetic rats","volume":"50","author":"L\u00f3pez-Cabrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol.: Organ Soc. Miner. Trace Elem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2021.126901","article-title":"Diversity of effects induced by boron-containing compounds on immune response cells and on antibodies in basal state","volume":"69","author":"Arciniega-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150607","article-title":"Boron induces lymphocyte proliferation and modulates the priming effects of lipopolysaccharide on macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Routray","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-017-0932-3","article-title":"Boron affects immune function through modulation of splenic T lymphocyte subsets, cytokine secretion, and lymphocyte proliferation and apoptosis in rats","volume":"178","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/13543776.2019.1612368","article-title":"Effects of boron-containing compounds on immune responses: review and patenting trends","volume":"29","author":"Romero-Aguilar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Ther. Pat."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.01.010","article-title":"Recent developments in the medicinal chemistry of single boron atom-containing compounds","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib23","first-page":"263","article-title":"Could boron-containing compounds (BCCs) be effective against SARS-CoV-2 as anti-viral agent?","volume":"122","author":"Cetiner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bratisl. Lek. Listy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2174\/2212796814999201102195651","article-title":"Docking simulations exhibit bortezomib and other boron-containing peptidomimetics as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease","volume":"14","author":"Vega-Valdez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Chem. Biol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9439","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00533-10","article-title":"The clinically approved proteasome inhibitor PS-341 efficiently blocks influenza A virus and vesicular stomatitis virus propagation by establishing an antiviral state","volume":"84","author":"Dudek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.60.1036","article-title":"Boromycin, an anti-HIV antibiotic","volume":"60","author":"Kohno","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.47162\/RJME.61.3.39","article-title":"Boron enhances the antiviral activity of the curcumin against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"61","author":"Scorei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rom. J. Morphol. Embryol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib28","first-page":"753","article-title":"Could boron compounds be effective against SARS-CoV-2?","volume":"122","author":"Ataseven","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bratisl. Lek. Listy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHAM.0000041444.06122.8d","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha: a pharmacological target with a promising future","volume":"21","author":"van Raalte","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16154","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M400346200","article-title":"Global suppression of IL-6-induced acute phase response gene expression after chronic in vivo treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activator fenofibrate","volume":"279","author":"Gervois","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2007.04.021","article-title":"PPARalpha in atherosclerosis and inflammation","volume":"1771","author":"Zandbergen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29870","article-title":"Expression of NF-\u03baB, IL-6, and IL-10 genes, body composition, and hepatic fibrosis in obese patients with NAFLD-Combined effects of oleoylethanolamide supplementation and calorie restriction: a triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"236","author":"Tutunchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10081289","article-title":"Oleoylethanolamide reduces hepatic oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in high-fat diet-fed rats","volume":"10","author":"Giudetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01446","article-title":"The COVID-19 cytokine storm; what we know so far","volume":"11","author":"Ragab","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2020.04.006","article-title":"Oleoylethanolamide, A bioactive lipid amide, as a promising treatment strategy for coronavirus\/COVID-19","volume":"51","author":"Ghaffari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2020.06.001","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease","volume":"54","author":"Costela-Ruiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.607647","article-title":"Biomarkers in COVID-19: an up-to-date review","volume":"8","author":"Samprathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0629-x","article-title":"Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology","volume":"39","author":"Channappanavar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00937-x","article-title":"TLR2 senses the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein to produce inflammatory cytokines","volume":"22","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2010.01.003","article-title":"The effects of dietary boric acid and borax supplementation on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, and DNA damage in rats","volume":"24","author":"Ince","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol.: Organ Soc. Miner. Trace Elem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/2156587211407638","article-title":"Growing evidence for human health benefits of boron","volume":"16","author":"Nielsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Evid. -Based Complement. Altern. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-019-00162-9","article-title":"Proteasome inhibitor PS-341 effectively blocks infection by the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00490","article-title":"Oleoylethanolamide, neuroinflammation, and alcohol abuse","volume":"11","author":"Orio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34611","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34611","article-title":"Oleoylethanolamide exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced THP-1 cells by enhancing PPAR\u03b1 signaling and inhibiting the NF-\u03baB and ERK1\/2\/AP-1\/STAT3 pathways","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2018.056","article-title":"Oleoylethanolamide supplementation reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in obese people: a clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Payahoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm. Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib46","first-page":"6301","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) on H\u2082O\u2082-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury and apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-\/-) atherosclerotic mice","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2017.04.001","article-title":"Oleic acid-derived oleoylethanolamide: a nutritional science perspective","volume":"67","author":"Bowen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90802-I","article-title":"Effects of fatty acids on lipid synthesis and viral RNA replication in poliovirus-infected cells","volume":"185","author":"Guinea","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0946672X22000256?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0946672X22000256?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T19:15:57Z","timestamp":1760555757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0946672X22000256"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0946672X22000256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945","relation":{},"ISSN":["0946-672X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0946-672X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Possible therapeutic effects of boron citrate and oleoylethanolamide supplementation in patients with COVID-19: A pilot randomized, double-blind, clinical trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2022.126945","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"126945"}}