{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T02:55:13Z","timestamp":1772938513006,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005632","name":"National Centre for Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICTS UL1RR024992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICTS UL1RR024992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES021488-02S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES021488-02S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES029524"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES029524"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24ES017765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24ES017765"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01ES028295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01ES028295"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P42ES004696"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P42ES004696"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23ES021444"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23ES021444"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES013743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES013743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006309","name":"American Parkinson Disease Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006309","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008765","name":"Saint Louis American Parkinson Disease Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T15:15:56Z","timestamp":1755875756000},"page":"127732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Utilizing T1-weighted MRI intensity indices to evaluate in-vivo neurotoxicity in a South African cohort with environmental manganese exposure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8467-371X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan R.","family":"Criswell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2653-672X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Faust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7768-4736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan Searles","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7923-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy W.","family":"Dlamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7815-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gill","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7787-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay R.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6228-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua S.","family":"Shimony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Lenox-Krug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3155-1107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan A.","family":"Killion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8707-6838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. Noah","family":"Hutson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9582-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brad A.","family":"Racette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2006.08.011","article-title":"Examining the association between blood manganese and lead levels in schoolchildren in four selected regions of South Africa","volume":"103","author":"R\u00f6llin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2014.06.018","article-title":"Noninvasive biomarkers of manganese exposure and neuropsychological effects in environmentally exposed adults in Brazil","volume":"231","author":"Viana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"issue":"694","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib3","article-title":"A rapid motor task-based screening tool for Parkinsonism in community-based studies","volume":"12","author":"Dlamini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib4","unstructured":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Department of the Interior, 2022 Final List of Critical Minerals, Department of the Interior, Editor. 2022, Federal Register: Washington, DC. p. 10381-10382."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003533","article-title":"Dose-dependent progression of parkinsonism in manganese-exposed welders","volume":"88","author":"Racette","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib6","first-page":"41","article-title":"On the effects of black oxide of manganese when inhaled into the lungs","author":"Couper","year":"1837","journal-title":"Br. Ann. Med. Pharm."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib7","first-page":"10","article-title":"Manganese neurotoxicity: new perspectives from behavioral, neuroimaging, and neuropathological studies in humans and non-human primates","volume":"5","author":"Guilarte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2022.01.004","article-title":"Environmental manganese exposure and cognitive control in a South African population","volume":"89","author":"Racette","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2021.05.017","article-title":"Depression and anxiety in a manganese-exposed community","volume":"85","author":"Racette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00712-3","article-title":"Severity of Parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure","volume":"20","author":"Racette","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2010.10.002","article-title":"Biomarkers of manganese intoxication","volume":"32","author":"Zheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"8970","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92164-8","article-title":"Manganese and chronic hepatic encephalopathy","volume":"346","author":"Krieger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.2000.4068","article-title":"Results of magnetic resonance imaging in long-term manganese dioxide-exposed workers","volume":"85","author":"Dietz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib14","first-page":"901","article-title":"Increase in signal intensities on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images in asymptomatic manganese-exposed workers","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.42.111","article-title":"High signal intensities on T1-weighted MRI as a biomarker of exposure to manganese","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ind. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib16","first-page":"510","article-title":"Manganese encephalopathy: utility of early magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"50","author":"Nelson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br. J. Ind. Med."},{"issue":"2-3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib17","first-page":"287","article-title":"Long term exposure to \"low levels\" of manganese oxides and neurofunctional changes in ferroalloy workers","volume":"20","author":"Lucchini","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2011-100119","article-title":"Basal ganglia intensity indices and diffusion weighted imaging in manganese-exposed welders","volume":"69","author":"Criswell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001634","article-title":"MRI signal intensity and Parkinsonism in manganese-exposed workers","volume":"61","author":"Criswell","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Occup. Environ. Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib20","article-title":"Pallidal index as biomarker of manganese brain accumulation and associated with manganese levels in blood: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073810393962","article-title":"Manganese toxicity in a child with iron deficiency and polycythemia","volume":"26","author":"Brna","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Child Neurol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10421","article-title":"Case report: a metabolic disorder presenting as pediatric manganism","volume":"115","author":"Sahni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2016.01.004","article-title":"MRI pallidal signal in children exposed to manganese in drinking water","volume":"53","author":"Dion","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib24","series-title":"Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, in Recent Developments in Parkinson's Disease","first-page":"153","author":"Fahn","year":"1987"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-015-0069-5","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities and air pollution exposure: a global review","volume":"2","author":"Hajat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib26","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision, Methodology. 2018: New York, NY."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib27","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025. 2020: Washington, D.C."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.7.990","article-title":"Pooled analysis of tobacco use and risk of parkinson disease","volume":"64","author":"Ritz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29778","article-title":"Contribution of nutritional, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors to Parkinson's disease","author":"Veronese","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-03166-1","article-title":"Alcohol exposure increases manganese accumulation in the brain and exacerbates manganese-induced neurotoxicity in mice","volume":"95","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-52014-2.00011-2","article-title":"Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration","volume":"100","author":"Meissner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360611","article-title":"Manganese intoxication and chronic liver failure","volume":"36","author":"Hauser","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280210395740","article-title":"Review of inverse probability weighting for dealing with missing data","volume":"22","author":"Seaman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Med. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2017.08.013","article-title":"Thalamic GABA levels and occupational manganese neurotoxicity: association with exposure levels and brain MRI","volume":"64","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.23060","article-title":"Manganese exposure, parkinsonian signs, and quality of life in South African mine workers","volume":"63","author":"Dlamini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700110307","article-title":"Relationship between external and internal parameters of exposure to manganese in workers from a manganese oxide and salt producing plant","volume":"11","author":"Roels","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Ind. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib37","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency, Health Effects Support Document for Manganese. 2003: Washington, DC."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib38","first-page":"769","article-title":"Brain magnetic resonance imaging and manganese exposure","volume":"21","author":"Lucchini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3466","article-title":"Neurological outcomes associated with low-level manganese exposure in an inception cohort of asymptomatic welding trainees","volume":"41","author":"Baker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Work Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2013.11.004","article-title":"The interaction between manganese exposure and alcohol on neurobehavioral outcomes in welders","volume":"41","author":"Ellingsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12673","article-title":"Socioeconomic status moderates genetic and environmental effects on the amount of alcohol use","volume":"39","author":"Hamdi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e267","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30078-6","article-title":"Socioeconomic status as an effect modifier of alcohol consumption and harm: analysis of linked cohort data","volume":"2","author":"Katikireddi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib43","unstructured":"NIOSH, Criteria for a Recommended Standard: Welding, Brazing, and Thermal Cutting, in NIOSH, US Department of Health and Human Services, et al., Editors. 1988: Cincinnati, OH."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.172.4.10587157","article-title":"Hyperintense basal ganglia on T1-weighted MR imaging","volume":"172","author":"Lai","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJR Am. J. Roentgenol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0946672X25001452?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0946672X25001452?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T09:01:00Z","timestamp":1772874060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0946672X25001452"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0946672X25001452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732","relation":{},"ISSN":["0946-672X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0946-672X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Utilizing T1-weighted MRI intensity indices to evaluate in-vivo neurotoxicity in a South African cohort with environmental manganese exposure","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127732","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"127732"}}