{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:53:48Z","timestamp":1791500028550,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00dcB\u0130TAK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["122S981"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["122S981"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:40:44Z","timestamp":1789882844000},"page":"127956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The potential of astaxanthin in reducing lithium-induced neuroinflammation: Inhibitory effects on the NF-\u03baB pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Volkan","family":"Gelen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adem","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00fclya","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se\u00e7kin","family":"\u00d6zkanlar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seda","family":"Yakut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aykut","family":"Ulucan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"\u00c7al\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2013.770551","article-title":"\u2019\u2019WFSBP Task Force on Treatment Guidelines for Bipolar Disorders. The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the biological treatment of bipolar disorders: update 2012 on the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder\u2019\u2019","volume":"14","author":"Grunze","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12025","article-title":"\u2018\u2019Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2013\u2019\u2019","volume":"15","author":"Yatham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib3","first-page":"296","article-title":"\u2018\u2019Lithium-induced neurotoxicity: clinical presentations, pathophysiology, and treatment\u2019\u2019","volume":"55","author":"Ivkovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychosom. (Wash. DC)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib4","first-page":"243","article-title":"Lithium-related neurotoxicity despite serum concentrations in the therapeutic range: risk factors and diagnosis","volume":"26","author":"Megarbane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.18863\/pgy.384067","article-title":"Lityuma Ba\u011fl\u0131 Yan Etkiler ve N\u00f6rotoksisite: Lityum N\u00f6rotoksisitesi Demir Birikimiyle \u0130lgili Olabilir mi?\u2019","volume":"11","author":"Altun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psikiyatr. G\u00fcncel Yakla\u015f\u0131mlar"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-005-5426-5","article-title":"Lithium-induced renal toxicity in rats: protection by a novel antioxidant caffeic acid phenethyl ester","volume":"277","author":"Oktem","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01674.x","article-title":"Zinc modulates lithium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"28","author":"Chadha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1177\/000486748902300330","article-title":"Prior neurologic illness and the syndrome of irreversible lithium-effectuated neurotoxicity (SILENT)","volume":"23","author":"Adityanjee","year":"1989","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001068","article-title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying mood stabilization in bipolar disorder: implications for the development of improved therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"Manji","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.03.048","article-title":"Involvement of Akt\/GSK3\u03b2\/CREB signaling pathway on chronic omethoate induced depressive-like behavior and improvement effects of combined lithium chloride and astaxanthin treatment","volume":"649","author":"Qiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2009.00714.x","article-title":"The role of lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder: convergent evidence for neurotrophic effects as a unifying hypothesis","volume":"11","author":"Machado-Vieira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2008.05.015","article-title":"Central pontine and extra-pontine myelinolysis: A complication of lithium toxicity in a pregnant woman","volume":"110","author":"Bejot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-6-9","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 production is controlled by glycogen synthase kinase-3 and STAT3 in the brain","volume":"6","author":"Beurel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90168-1","article-title":"Common elements in growth factor stimulation and oncogenic transformation: 85 kd phosphoprotein and phosphatidylinositol kinase activity","volume":"50","author":"Kaplan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4080922","article-title":"Effect of diets supplemented with different sources of astaxanthin on the gonad of the sea urchin Anthocidaris crassispina","volume":"4","author":"Peng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s13749-013-0051-5","article-title":"Synthetic astaxanthin is significantly inferior to algal-based astaxanthin as an antioxidant and may not be suitable as a human nutraceutical supplement","volume":"12","author":"Capelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrafoods"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib17","first-page":"231","article-title":"Effects of \u03b1-tocopherol and astaxanthin on LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits","volume":"173","author":"Jacobsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914NC3601_9","article-title":"Antitumor activity of astaxanthin and its mode of action","volume":"36","author":"Jyonouchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutr. Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib19","first-page":"1246","article-title":"Astaxanthin: A potential carotenoid","volume":"3","author":"Dhankhar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2006.09.010","article-title":"Differential effects of carotenoids on lipid peroxidation due to membrane interactions: X-ray diffraction analysis","volume":"1768","author":"McNulty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. Et. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Biomembr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1973.tb01512.x","article-title":"The effect of sodium chloride on kidney function in rats with lithium intoxication","volume":"33","author":"Thomsen","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib22","article-title":"Protective Effects of Astaxanthin Against Formaldehyde-Induced Apoptosis of Testicular Tissue in Rats","volume":"41","author":"Ulucan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2005.00761.x","article-title":"Immunohistochemical observations on TSH secreting cells in pituitary glands of goat kids with congenital goitre","volume":"52","author":"Ozmen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Ser. A"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-013-1393-y","article-title":"Analysis of indoleamine 2-3 dioxygenase (IDO1) expression in breast cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry\u20192","volume":"62","author":"Soliman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(68)90092-4","article-title":"Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent","volume":"25","author":"Sedlak","year":"1968","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","article-title":"Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction","volume":"95","author":"Ohkawa","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1590\/S1676-24442014000100002","article-title":"Determination of serum lithium: comparison between atomic emission and absorption spectrometry methods","volume":"50","author":"Santo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Bras. De. Patol. e Med. Lab."},{"issue":"4-5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2013.757268","article-title":"Neurodegenerative changes in rat produced by lithium treatment","volume":"76","author":"Dimitrova","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part. A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24021","article-title":"Citrate-coated silver nanoparticles loaded with agomelatine provide neuronal therapy in acute cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion of rats by inhibiting the oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and P2X7 receptor-mediated inflammasome","volume":"39","author":"Gelen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib31","first-page":"540","article-title":"Age-related changes in cat brains as demonstrated by histological and immunohistochemical techniques","volume":"161","author":"\u00d6zsoy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. M\u00e9D. V. \u00e9t."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.6.644","article-title":"Accumulation of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein in aging human brain","volume":"62","author":"Saito","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.21836","article-title":"Toxicity of lithium on isolated heart mitochondria and cardiomyocyte: A justification for its cardiotoxic adverse effect","volume":"31","author":"Salimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biochem. Mol. Toxic."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4960","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24369","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles Loaded With Oleuropein Alleviates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Modulating the TLR4\/P2X7 Receptor-Mediated Inflammation and Apoptosis in Rats","volume":"39","author":"Yakut","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.62425\/jlasp.1418923","article-title":"Investigation of the Effects of Sinapic Acid Against Lead-Induced Spleen Toxicity","volume":"4","author":"Dalk\u0131l\u0131n\u00e7","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Lab. Anim. Sci. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib36","first-page":"26","article-title":"Investigation of the Effects of Cerium Nitrate and Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatments on Lung Tissue Following Burn Injury in Rats Using Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Methods","volume":"4","author":"Bolat","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Lab. Anim. Sci. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib37","first-page":"44","article-title":"Exploring Esculetin's Protective Role: Countering Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Heart","volume":"4","author":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Lab. Anim. Sci. Pract."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1021","article-title":"Mitochondria as a therapeutic target in heart failure","volume":"61","author":"Bayeva","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1908","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02302-9","article-title":"vitro and in vivo evidence on the role of mitochondrial impairment as a mechanism of lithium-induced nephrotoxicity","volume":"199","author":"Ommati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.69062336.x","article-title":"Lithium increases transcription factor binding to AP-1 and cyclic AMP-responsive element in cultured neurons and rat brain","volume":"69","author":"Ozaki","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4695(199910)41:1<127::AID-NEU16>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying activity-dependent regulation of BDNF expression","volume":"41","author":"Shieh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81010-7","article-title":"Ca2+ influx regulates BDNF transcription by a CREB family transcription factor-dependent mechanism","volume":"20","author":"Tao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(99)00125-4","article-title":"Lithium and valproate differentially regulate brain regional expression of phosphorylated CREB and c-Fos","volume":"70","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(99)00092-5","article-title":"A low dose of lithium chloride selectively induces Fos protein in the central nucleus of the amygdala of rat brain","volume":"24","author":"Hamamura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10-11","key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2005.08.005","volume":"328","author":"Allagui","year":"2005","journal-title":"C. R. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.6.644","article-title":"Accumulation of phosphorylated alpha-synuclein in aging human brain","volume":"62","author":"Saito","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(99)00125-4","article-title":"Lithium and valproate differentially regulate brain regional expression of phosphorylated CREB and c-Fos","volume":"70","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0946672X26001422?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0946672X26001422?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:36:51Z","timestamp":1791499011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0946672X26001422"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0946672X26001422"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956","relation":{},"ISSN":["0946-672X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0946-672X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The potential of astaxanthin in reducing lithium-induced neuroinflammation: Inhibitory effects on the NF-\u03baB pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtemb.2026.127956","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier GmbH. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"127956"}}