{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T19:51:43Z","timestamp":1793389903589,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690848000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010447","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Herz-Kreislaufforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["413635475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["413635475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["512460086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["512460086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFB 1123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB 1123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005971","name":"Deutsche Herzstiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005971","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jthjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T17:57:38Z","timestamp":1683827858000},"page":"2020-2031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Thromboinflammation in long COVID\u2014the elusive key to postinfection sequelae?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Leo","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050809","article-title":"Acute COVID-19 and the incidence of ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction","volume":"142","author":"Modin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.05.039","article-title":"Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review","volume":"192","author":"Al-Ani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810372","article-title":"Venous thromboembolic disease in COVID-19, pathophysiology, therapy and prophylaxis","volume":"23","author":"Dybowska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib4","article-title":"COVID-19-associated pulmonary embolism: review of the pathophysiology, epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment","author":"Ortega-Paz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm8108","article-title":"The immunology and immunopathology of COVID-19","volume":"375","author":"Merad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0308-3","article-title":"COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy","volume":"20","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib7","first-page":"10","article-title":"Proposal of the definition for COVID-19-associated coagulopathy","author":"Iba","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00536-9","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis as key pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19","volume":"21","author":"Bonaventura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2015432","article-title":"Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in covid-19","volume":"383","author":"Ackermann","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R35","DOI":"10.1530\/VB-22-0004","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2, platelets, and endothelium: coexistence in space and time, or a pernicious m\u00e9nage \u00e0 trois?","volume":"4","author":"Bogdanov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.150862","article-title":"Self-sustaining IL-8 loops drive a prothrombotic neutrophil phenotype in severe COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Kaiser","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048488","article-title":"Immunothrombotic dysregulation in COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with respiratory failure and coagulopathy","volume":"142","author":"Nicolai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15179","article-title":"Vascular neutrophilic inflammation and immunothrombosis distinguish severe COVID-19 from influenza pneumonia","volume":"19","author":"Nicolai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003568","article-title":"A\u00a0neutrophil activation signature predicts critical illness and mortality in COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"Meizlish","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007008","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to immunothrombosis in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"136","author":"Middleton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00665-1","article-title":"The state of complement in COVID-19","volume":"22","author":"Afzali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2600-6","article-title":"the Explore COVID-19 IPH group, the Explore COVID-19 Marseille Immunopole group, Cordier PY, Le Dault E, Guervilly C, Simeone P, Gainnier M, et\u00a0al. Association of COVID-19 inflammation with activation of the C5a\u2013C5aR1 axis","volume":"588","author":"Carvelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00762-9","article-title":"Understanding COVID-19-associated coagulopathy","volume":"22","author":"Conway","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00552-1","article-title":"Interplay between inflammation and thrombosis in cardiovascular pathology","volume":"18","author":"Stark","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00703-9","article-title":"WHO Clinical Case Definition Working Group on Post-COVID-19 Condition. A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus","volume":"22","author":"Soriano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac136","article-title":"Global prevalence of post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) condition or long COVID: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"226","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n1648","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1648","article-title":"Long covid\u2014mechanisms, risk factors, and management","volume":"374","author":"Crook","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n1098","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1098","article-title":"Risk of clinical sequelae after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection: retrospective cohort study","volume":"373","author":"Daugherty","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac031","article-title":"Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus","volume":"43","author":"Raman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02000-0","article-title":"Long-term cardiac pathology in individuals with mild initial COVID-19 illness","volume":"28","author":"Puntmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03553-9","article-title":"High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19","volume":"594","author":"Al-Aly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30836-0","article-title":"Long COVID burden and risk factors in 10 UK longitudinal studies and electronic health records","volume":"13","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib29","first-page":"378","article-title":"Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Incidence and risk factors: a Mediterranean cohort study","volume":"82","author":"Moreno-P\u00e9rez","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13746","article-title":"Assessment and characterisation of post-COVID-19 manifestations","volume":"75","author":"Kamal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01292-y","article-title":"Attributes and predictors of long COVID","volume":"27","author":"Sudre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-02286-7","article-title":"Could tiny blood clots cause long COVID\u2019s puzzling symptoms?","volume":"608","author":"Willyard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15490","article-title":"Persistent endotheliopathy in the pathogenesis of long COVID syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Fogarty","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01359-7","article-title":"Persistent clotting protein pathology in long COVID\/post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is accompanied by increased levels of antiplasmin","volume":"20","author":"Pretorius","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib35","first-page":"132","article-title":"Long COVID endotheliopathy: hypothesized mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches","author":"Ahamed","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15830","article-title":"Sustained VWF-ADAMTS-13 axis imbalance and endotheliopathy in long COVID syndrome is related to immune dysfunction","volume":"20","author":"Fogarty","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib37","first-page":"903","article-title":"The role of ADAMTS13 testing in the diagnosis and management of thrombotic microangiopathies and thrombosis","volume":"132","author":"Masias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib38","series-title":"Increased VWF and decreased ADAMTS-13 in COVID-19: creating a milieu for (micro) thrombosis","first-page":"400","author":"Favaloro","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2021.08.007","article-title":"Morphological and functional alterations in endothelial colony-forming cells from recovered COVID-19 patients","volume":"206","author":"Alvarado-Moreno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2022.01.004","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 patients show an increased endothelial progenitor cell production","volume":"243","author":"Poyatos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.745758","article-title":"Long COVID 19 syndrome: is it related to microcirculation and endothelial dysfunction? Insights from TUN-EndCOV study","volume":"8","author":"Charfeddine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01837-9","article-title":"A\u00a0multisystem, cardio-renal investigation of post-COVID-19 illness","volume":"28","author":"Morrow","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12633","article-title":"Peripheral endothelial dysfunction in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Scherbakov","year":"2020","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.030","article-title":"Large and small artery endothelial dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"154","author":"Newton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib45","article-title":"Association between secondary thrombocytosis and viral respiratory tract infections in children","volume":"6","author":"Zheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01579-5","article-title":"Prevalence of symptoms, comorbidities, fibrin amyloid microclots and platelet pathology in individuals with long COVID\/post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)","volume":"21","author":"Pretorius","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.321659","article-title":"Persisting platelet activation and hyperactivity in COVID-19 survivors","volume":"131","author":"Martins-Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turner S, Naidoo CA, Usher TJ, Kruger A, Venter C, Laubscher GJ, Khan MA, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Increased levels of inflammatory molecules in blood of long COVID patients point to thrombotic endotheliitis. medRxiv 2022:2022.10.13.22281055.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.10.13.22281055"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mbc.0000214705.80997.73","article-title":"Is chronic fatigue syndrome associated with platelet activation?","volume":"17","author":"Kennedy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-199910000-00006","article-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome and\/or fibromyalgia as a variation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: an explanatory model and approach to laboratory diagnosis","volume":"10","author":"Berg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1076724","article-title":"Phenotypic alteration of low-density granulocytes in people with pulmonary post-acute sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"13","author":"Dean","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28209","article-title":"Persistence of neutrophil extracellular traps and anticardiolipin auto-antibodies in post-acute phase COVID-19 patients","volume":"95","author":"Pisareva","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abo5795","article-title":"A\u00a0persistent neutrophil-associated immune signature characterizes post\u2013COVID-19 pulmonary sequelae","volume":"14","author":"George","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.001","article-title":"evere COVID-19 is marked by a dysregulated myeloid cell compartment","volume":"182","author":"Schulte-Schrepping","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.015511","article-title":"Increased neutrophil apoptosis in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"57","author":"Kennedy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003968","article-title":"Sustained prothrombotic changes in COVID-19 patients 4 months after hospital discharge","volume":"5","author":"von Meijenfeldt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-200010000-00013","article-title":"Activation of the coagulation system in Gulf War Illness: a potential pathophysiologic link with chronic fatigue syndrome. A laboratory approach to diagnosis","volume":"11","author":"Hannan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25018","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2010540117","article-title":"Systemic complement activation is associated with respiratory failure in COVID-19 hospitalized patients","volume":"117","author":"Holter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9121931","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 patients who develop lung fibrotic-like changes have lower circulating levels of IFN-\u03b2 but higher levels of IL-1\u03b1 and TGF-\u03b2","volume":"9","author":"Colarusso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1615","article-title":"Complement activation in a model of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"112","author":"Sorensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib61","first-page":"4171","article-title":"Complement component C1q as a potential diagnostic tool for myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome subtyping","volume":"10","author":"Castro-Marrero","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib62","article-title":"Distinguishing features of long COVID identified through immune profiling","author":"Klein","year":"2022","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib63","article-title":"The IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and TNF cytokine triad is associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19","volume":"3","author":"Schulthei\u00df","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01113-x","article-title":"Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"23","author":"Phetsouphanh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.029","article-title":"COVID-19 and the human innate immune system","volume":"184","author":"Schultze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib66","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics of the immune system in ME\/CFS at baseline and following symptom provocation","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77105-y","article-title":"Deep phenotyping of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome in Japanese population","volume":"10","author":"Kitami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26575","article-title":"COVID-19 Clotting and Bleeding Investigators. Hypercoagulability, endotheliopathy, and inflammation approximating 1 year after recovery: assessing the long-term outcomes in COVID-19 patients","volume":"97","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15267","article-title":"Prolonged elevation of D-dimer levels in convalescent COVID-19 patients is independent of the acute phase response","volume":"19","author":"Townsend","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib70","article-title":"Serum metabolic profile in patients with long-covid (PASC) syndrome: clinical implications","volume":"8","author":"Pasini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2022-0050","article-title":"Association between D-dimer levels and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in patients from a tertiary care center","volume":"16","author":"Kalaivani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomark Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2020.05.006","article-title":"Microvascular thrombosis: experimental and clinical implications","volume":"225","author":"Bray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.212170","article-title":"Quantitative chest CT assessment of small airways disease in post-acute SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"304","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(21)00196-6","article-title":"Evidence of lung perfusion defects and ongoing inflammation in an adolescent with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"5","author":"Buonsenso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib75","unstructured":"Heiss R, Wagner AL, Tan L, Regensburger AP, Schmidt S, Ewert F, Mammadova D, B\u00fchler A, Vogel-Claussen J, Voskrebenzev A, Rauh M, Rompel O, Nagel AM, L\u00e9vy S, Bickelhaupt S, May MS, Uder M, Metzler M, Trollmann R, Woelfle J, et\u00a0al. Persisting pulmonary dysfunction in pediatric post-acute covid-19. SSRN Journal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib76","article-title":"Pulmonary dysfunction after pediatric COVID-19","volume":"306","author":"Heiss","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4041","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006944","article-title":"Impaired exercise capacity in post-COVID-19 syndrome: the role of VWF-ADAMTS13 axis","volume":"6","author":"Prasannan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib78","first-page":"131","article-title":"Long-term microstructure and cerebral blood flow changes in patients recovered from COVID-19 without neurological manifestations","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04569-5","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank","volume":"604","author":"Douaud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2555","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac151","article-title":"Neurovascular injury with complement activation and inflammation in COVID-19","volume":"145","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2033369","article-title":"Microvascular injury in the brains of patients with covid-19","volume":"384","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.008","article-title":"Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation","volume":"185","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm2052","article-title":"Nervous system consequences of COVID-19","volume":"375","author":"Spudich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n693","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n693","article-title":"Post-covid syndrome in individuals admitted to hospital with covid-19: retrospective cohort study","volume":"372","author":"Ayoubkhani","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000551","article-title":"Platelets as key players in inflammation and infection","volume":"27","author":"Nicolai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2019.08.004","article-title":"Platelets in host defense: experimental and clinical insights","volume":"40","author":"Nicolai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2022.10.013","article-title":"Analysis of thrombogenicity under flow reveals new insights into the prothrombotic state of patients with post-COVID syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Constantinescu-Bercu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95565-8","article-title":"More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Lopez-Leon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32656-8","article-title":"6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study","volume":"397","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01689-3","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19","volume":"28","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2838","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020010529","article-title":"Postdischarge thromboembolic outcomes and mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: the CORE-19 registry","volume":"137","author":"Giannis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060785","article-title":"Association of COVID-19 with major arterial and venous thrombotic diseases: a population-wide cohort study of 48 million adults in England and Wales","volume":"146","author":"Knight","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15029","article-title":"Hypoxia\u2014an overlooked trigger for thrombosis in COVID-19 and other critically ill patients","volume":"18","author":"Thachil","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-00357-4","article-title":"Immunity, endothelial injury and complement-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19","volume":"17","author":"Perico","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00941-2","article-title":"Risk of long COVID associated with delta versus omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"399","author":"Antonelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e487","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac722","article-title":"Persistent circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike is associated with post-acute coronavirus disease 2019 sequelae","volume":"76","author":"Swank","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03207-w","article-title":"Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"591","author":"Gaebler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.04.037","article-title":"Postacute COVID-19 is characterized by gut viral antigen persistence in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"163","author":"Zollner","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05542-y","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection and persistence in the human body and brain at autopsy","volume":"612","author":"Stein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101624","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Notarte","year":"2022","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib101","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Real world evidence of effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and anti SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies against post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection","author":"Tannous","year":"2022","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02228-6","article-title":"Long-term perturbation of the peripheral immune system months after SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"20","author":"Ryan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib103","first-page":"6","article-title":"Immunofibrotic drivers of impaired lung function in postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection","author":"Chun","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.01.014","article-title":"Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae","volume":"185","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib105","first-page":"133","article-title":"Chronic viral coinfections differentially affect the likelihood of developing long COVID","author":"Peluso","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.05.559","article-title":"Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: CHEST guideline and expert panel report","volume":"158","author":"Moores","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005945","article-title":"American Society of Hematology living guidelines on the use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19: July 2021 update on postdischarge thromboprophylaxis","volume":"6","author":"Cuker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01840-0","article-title":"Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"28","author":"Al-Aly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.05.090","article-title":"RECoVERED Study Group. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): a prospective cohort study","volume":"40","author":"Wynberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib110","article-title":"Trajectory of long covid symptoms after covid-19 vaccination: community based cohort study","volume":"377","author":"Ayoubkhani","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2118542","article-title":"EPIC-HR Investigators. Oral nirmatrelvir for high-risk, nonhospitalized adults with covid-19","volume":"386","author":"Hammond","year":"2022","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib112","first-page":"95","article-title":"Effect of oral nirmatrelvir on long COVID symptoms: 4 cases and rationale for systematic studies","volume":"7","author":"Peluso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathog Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib113","first-page":"2022","article-title":"Nirmatrelvir and the risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19","author":"Xie","year":"2022","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib114","article-title":"STIMULATE-ICP: A pragmatic, multi-centre, cluster randomised trial of an integrated care pathway with a nested, Phase III, open label, adaptive platform randomised drug trial in individuals with long COVID: a structured protocol","author":"Forshaw","year":"2022","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2022.09.001","article-title":"Anticoagulation in COVID-19 patients\u2013 an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"219","author":"Reis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01380-2","article-title":"A\u00a0patient-centric modeling framework captures recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"24","author":"Ruffieux","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib117","unstructured":"National Institute of Health Research. The PRECIOUS study, https:\/\/www.preciouscovidoutcomes.org; 2023 [accessed May 28, 2023]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03346-2","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and altered endothelial biomarkers in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS)","volume":"20","author":"Haffke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abq3059","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters and humans results in lasting and unique systemic perturbations after recovery","volume":"14","author":"Frere","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010741","article-title":"After the virus has cleared\u2014can preclinical models be employed for long COVID research?","volume":"18","author":"Jansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"}],"container-title":["Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538783623004002?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1538783623004002?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T03:38:23Z","timestamp":1761536303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1538783623004002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1538783623004002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039","relation":{},"ISSN":["1538-7836"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1538-7836","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thromboinflammation in long COVID\u2014the elusive key to postinfection sequelae?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtha.2023.04.039","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}